HUBS LT 4

Question 1

anemia

Answer 1

a condition where the blood doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the body’s tissue.

Question 2

common signs & symptoms

Answer 2

-fatigue
-feeling cold
-pallor (paleness)

Question 3

iron deficiency anemia

Answer 3

a condition where your blood doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to your body’s tissue

Question 4

risk factors of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 4

-pregnancy
-blood loss
-heavy menstruation

Question 5

causes of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 5

-decreased iron intake
-decreased iron absorption
-increased demand of iron
-increased loss of iron

Question 6

treatment options of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 6

-oral iron supplements
-ferrous sulfate
-severe cases - blood transfusion

Question 7

macrocytic anemia

Answer 7

when red blood cells are too large and immature. Because they’re not fully developed, they don’t carry oxygen as well and don’t live as long as normal RBCs.

Question 8

causes of macrocytic anemia

Answer 8

-certain medications
-pregnancy
-kidney dialysis

Question 9

hemolytic anemia

Answer 9

red blood cells are destroyed too quickly. Can be inherited or caused by diseases, infections, or chemicals

Question 10

anemia of chronic disease

Answer 10

caused by long-term illnesses or inflammation

Question 11

post-hemorrhagic anemia

Answer 11

happens after sudden blood loss, faster than the body can replace blood.

Question 12

aplastic anemia

Answer 12

bone marrow stops making enough blood cells. can be inherited or caused by infections, drugs, or radiation

Question 13

thalassemia

Answer 13

inherited disorder that lowers hemoglobin production

Question 14

sickle cell anemia

Answer 14

inherited condition where RBCs are oddly shaped and can’t carry oxygen well

Question 15

difference between different types of anemias:

Answer 15

-some are inherited
-some are due to other diseases
-each one affects RBCs differently

Question 16

thrombocytopenia

Answer 16

when you have too few platelets in your blood. Platelets help your blood clots, so if you don’t have enough, you bleed more easily.

Question 17

common causes of thrombocytopenia

Answer 17

-viral infections
-poor nutrition
-cancer
-certain medications

Question 18

treatment of thrombocytopenia

Answer 18

-mild cases may have no treatment
-severe cases: may require medication, platelet transfusion or surgery

Question 19

hemophilia

Answer 19

A genetic disorder that mostly affects males. It happens because the body can’t make enough clotting factors, which are needed to stop bleeding.

Question 20

treatment options of hemophilia

Answer 20

Clotting factor infusions to replace the missing factors

Question 21

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Answer 21

serious condition where blood clots form throughout the body, blocking small blood vessels and potentially leading to to organ dysfunction or bleeding.

Question 22

causative factors of disseminated intravascular coagulation

Answer 22

-sepsis
-severe trauma
-pregnancy

Question 23

signs & symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation

Answer 23

-bleeding from cuts or infection sites
-trouble breathing
-red or purple spots on skin
-seizures

Question 24

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Answer 24

A blood clot that forms in a deep vein, most commonly in the legs

Question 25

risk factors of deep vein thrombosis

Answer 25

-surgery -obesity -smoking -dehydration

Question 26

signs & symptoms of deep vein thrombosis

Answer 26

-swelling -warmth -redness -pain in the leg

Question 27

embolism

Answer 27

When a clot gets stuck in a blood vessel that is too small, blocking blood flow

Question 28

pulmonary embolism

Answer 28

a serious condition where a blood clot travels to the lungs and blocks a blood vessel, potentially blocking oxygen flow to the body.

Question 29

signs & symptoms of pulmonary embolism

Answer 29

-chest pain -sudden cough -shortness of breathe -increased respiratory rate

Question 30

treatment of pulmonary embolism

Answer 30

-blood thinners (anticoagulants) -surgery

Question 31

what is the function of the anemic medication, minerals

Answer 31

refill essential nutrients and improve the body's ability to produce red blood cells, thereby treating and preventing various types of anemia

Question 32

what is the function of embolism medication, anti-platelets

Answer 32

preventing platelets from sticking together and forming clots, which can lead to blockages in blood vessels

Question 33

what is the function of embolism medication, anticoagulant

Answer 33

preventing blood clots from forming or getting bigger

Question 34

macrocytic anemia causes

Answer 34

-vitamin B12 deficiency -folate deficiency

Question 35

which of the following increases the risk of folate deficiency anemia

Answer 35

alcoholism

Question 36

hemophilia more commonly affects males. Why?

Answer 36

Because it is an X-linked trait, meaning the defensive gene is carried on the X chromosome so any male that inherits it will have hemophilia

Question 37

three main factors which promote deep vein thrombosis

Answer 37

-endothelial injury -blood stasis -hypercoagulability

Question 38

some preventative measures for DVT:

Answer 38

-staying hydrated -avoid standing or sitting for long periods of time

Question 39

which of the following possible outcomes of DVT carries the greatest risk?

Answer 39

embolisation

Question 40

what is the most common cause of pulmonary embolism?

Answer 40

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)