HUBS LT 5

Question 1

coronary artery disease

Answer 1

when the arteries that supply the heart become narrow, stiff, or blocked. This is mainly because of a buildup of fatty deposits called atherosclerosis

Question 2

risk factors of coronary heart disease

Answer 2

-family history
-increasing age
-smoking
-hypertension

Question 3

angina

Answer 3

A chest pain that happens when the heart needs more oxygen than it’s getting

Question 4

stable angina

Answer 4

This type is predictable. It usually happens during physical activity and goes away with rest or medication like nitroglycerin

Question 5

unstable angina

Answer 5

this type is more serious and unpredictable. It can happen even when you’re resting and may get worse over time- lasting longer happening more often or feeling more intense.

Question 6

difference between stable and unstable angina

Answer 6

-predictability
-duration
-cause
-treatment

Question 7

myocardial infarction

Answer 7

happens when a coronary artery gets blocked, cutting off blood flow to part of the heart. This causes a lack of oxygen for too long, which leads to death of heart muscle cells.

Question 8

signs & symptoms of myocardial infarction

Answer 8

-angina
-nausea
-vomiting
-shortness of breath
-extreme fatigue

Question 9

complication of myocardial infarction

Answer 9

-angina
-re-infarction
-heart failure
-arrhythmias

Question 10

what are some managements of myocardial infarction

Answer 10

-initial treatment
-reperfusion therapy
-long-term management

Question 11

initial treatment of myocardial infarction

Answer 11

-check vital signs
-start basic treatment like MONA
-do an ECG to look at the heart’s activity

Question 12

reperfusion therapy of myocardial infarction

Answer 12

to wuickly restore blood flow to the heart, such as thrombolytics and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Question 13

long-term management of myocardial infarction

Answer 13

-ACE inhibitors to help the heart
-anti-platelet medication to prevent clots
-in some cases, bypass surgery

Question 14

Arrhythmias

Answer 14

An irregular heartbeat, meaning the heart may beat too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular rhythm.

Question 15

atrial fibrillation

Answer 15

When the upper chambers of the heart (the atria) beat in a fast and irregular way because of chaotic electrical signals. This makes the heart rhythm uneven and often too fast.

Question 16

ventricular tachycardia

Answer 16

when the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles) send out electrical signals too quickly, causing the heart to beat very fast

Question 17

ventricular fibrillation

Answer 17

when the heart’s lower chambers (ventricles) quiver instead of pumping properly. This means the heart can’t pump blood out, so blood flow stops

Question 18

asystole

Answer 18

when the heart has completely stopped sending electrical signals. without electrical signals, the heart can’t pump, so there’s no heartbeat or blood flow.

Question 19

dysrhythmias

Answer 19

any abnormality in the normal rhythm of the heart.

Question 20

heart failure

Answer 20

when the heart can’t pump blood effectively to meet the body’s needs, leading to reduced cardiac output and impaired delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues.

Question 21

causes of heart failure

Answer 21

-coronary artery disease
-high blood pressure
-heart muscle disease

Question 22

consequences of heart failure

Answer 22

-organ damage
-fluid buildup
-increased risk of blood clots
-heart rhythm problems

Question 23

what is the function of the myocardial infarction medication, nitrates

Answer 23

reduce the stress on the heart by improving blood flow to the heart muscle

Question 24

what is the function of the dysrhythmias medication, beta-blockers

Answer 24

decrease the heart rate and cardiac output, which lowers blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenalin

Question 25

what is the function of the arrhythmias medication, beta-blockers

Answer 25

slowing down the heart rate and reducing the heart's workload, ultimately helping to control and regulate irregular heart rhythms

Question 26

what is the most common cause of coronary artery disease

Answer 26

Atherosclerosis

Question 27

what is angina

Answer 27

angina is chest pain caused by insufficent blood flow to meet the demands of cardiac muscle

Question 28

myocyte necrosis occurs in MI because of:

Answer 28

prolonged myocardial ischemia

Question 29

A transmural MI:

Answer 29

Causes an S-T segment elevation on ECG

Question 30

myocardial stunning

Answer 30

temporary loss of contractility lasting hours to days after reperfusion

Question 31

myocardial hibernation

Answer 31

prolonged loss of contractility post sustained ischemia and reperfusion

Question 32

myocardial remodeling

Answer 32

permanent loss of contractility with cellular hypertrophy

Question 33

angioplasty is a procedure which:

Answer 33

opens blocked arteries via balloon inflation

Question 34

thromboembolism is a significant risk associated with:

Answer 34

atrial fibrillation

Question 35

ventricular tachycardia

Answer 35

rapid & abnormal discharge of electrical signals in the ventricles (very high HR)

Question 36

asytole

Answer 36

lack of electrical activity in the heart wall

Question 37

ventricular fibrillation

Answer 37

ventricles quiver instead of contracting

Question 38

A major consequence of left sided heart failure is:

Answer 38

pulmonary oedema

Question 39

key differences between systolic and diastolic heart failure.

Answer 39

systolic heart failure: decreased ability of ventricle to pump blood. Diastolic heart failure: decreased ability of ventricle to fill with blood