HUBS LT 8

Question 1

what is the first phase of acute infection

Answer 1

Incubation - the pathogen is multiplying, but no signs/symptoms have developed

Question 2

what is the second phase of acute infection

Answer 2

Prodrome - symptoms begin and pathogens continue to multiply

Question 3

what is the third phase of acute infection

Answer 3

Illness- typically more severe symptoms appear based on the infection.

Question 4

what is the fourth phase of acute infection

Answer 4

decline - symptoms start to fade as more pathogens have been eliminated

Question 5

what is the fifth phase of acute infection

Answer 5

convalescence- signs/symptoms disappear, infection has been eliminated

Question 6

signs & symptoms of infection

Answer 6

-fatigue
-loss of concentration
-reduced appetite
-fever

Question 7

benefits of fever during infection

Answer 7

fever is the body’s way of responding to an infection, fever kills or slows down pathogens, and reduces iron and zinc availability which pathogens need to grow.

Question 8

how is contact transmission a method of disease transmission

Answer 8

this method of transmission occurs when we come into actual contact with the pathogen and can occur in 4 different ways; direct contact, indirect contact, droplet contact, and vertical transmission

Question 9

how is common vehicle transmission a method of disease transmission

Answer 9

A non-living carrier of a pathogen transmits from their source to someone who can get sick, such as; waterborne, airborne, and foodborne

Question 10

how is vector transmission a method of disease transmission

Answer 10

A pathogen is transmitted from one host to another via an insect (vector) carrying the pathogen

Question 11

some common preventative & control measures include:

Answer 11

-avoiding direct contact with infected individuals or infected body fluid
-social distancing
-sterilisation
-vaccines
-antimicrobials

Question 12

sepsis

Answer 12

A full body inflammation condition that occurs when the body’s response to an infection damages its own tissues and organs

Question 13

who is most at risk of getting sepsis

Answer 13

-older people
-infants
-people with decreased immune systems

Question 14

signs & symptoms of sepsis

Answer 14

• fever
  -drop in oxygen saturation
  -hypotension
  -decreased urinary loss

Question 15

prevention of sepsis

Answer 15

-wash hands
-wear gloves
-clean IV ports
-Keep syringes clean and capped until ready to use

Question 16

nursing care for sepsis

Answer 16

-blood cultures
-lactate labs
-antibiotics
-IV fluids
-supplemental oxygen if needed
-intake and output chart

Question 17

bacterial infections

Answer 17

A disease caused by harmful bacteria multiplying or releasing toxins in the body.

Question 18

What is an example of bacterial infections

Answer 18

Group A Streptococcus infection- a group of bacteria that can cause a variety of different illnesses.

Question 19

what is a treatment option of Group A Streptococcus infection

Answer 19

Antibiotics

Question 20

what is a prevention option for Group A Streptococcus infection

Answer 20

avoiding contact, hand washing, and using good respiratory hygiene

Question 21

viral infections

Answer 21

illness caused by viruses, small infectious agents that invade and replicate inside host cells.

Question 22

how are Group A Streptococcus infections transmitted?

Answer 22

droplet transmission, direct contact with skin sores

Question 23

what is an example of a viral infection?

Answer 23

influenza - is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses

Question 24

what is a preventative option for influenza

Answer 24

hand washing and pulmonary hygiene

Question 25

what is a treatment option for influenza

Answer 25

Anti-viral medication

Question 26

fungal infections

Answer 26

diseases caused by fungi and can affect the skin, hair, nails, mucous membranes, and even internal organs

Question 27

what are some examples of fungal infections

Answer 27

-thrush -skin infections

Question 28

what is the function of anti-fungal medications for fungal infections

Answer 28

killing fungal cells or preventing them from growing and multiplying

Question 29

vertical transmission is a type of:

Answer 29

contact transmission

Question 30

what are the three common vehicles for common vehicle transmission?

Answer 30

Air, water, and food

Question 31

what is the most widely used method of sterilisation

Answer 31

application of heat

Question 32

which type of microorganism do antibiotics affect?

Answer 32

bacteria, and occasionally some types of fungi

Question 33

how does rheumatic fever develop after a group A streptococcal infection?

Answer 33

Auto-immune reaction to a protein on human cells

Question 34

A disease in a person with a weakened immune system caused by a microorganism that does not normally cause disease is called:

Answer 34

An opportunistic infection

Question 35

what would predispose a person to developing thrush

Answer 35

use of antibiotics, diagnosis of HIV, chemotherapy after a cancer diagnosis

Question 36

what are the five steps of inflammation that lead to sepsis

Answer 36

-releasee of histamine and other chemicals -vasodilation -increased capillary permeability -WBC migration -Platelet aggregation and clotting cascade activation

Question 37

your patient started to have diarrhea today. She said her family brought her in food last night, and it tasted off, but she didn't want to offend them. Which kind of precaution do you place her under?

Answer 37

Contact transmission

Question 38

You receive a call that your patient has tested positive for tuberculosis. Which precaution do you initiate?

Answer 38

Airborne precautions