HUG UNIT 5

Question 1

Agriculture

Answer 1

The deliberate modification of the Earth’s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain.

Question 2

First Agricultural Revolution took place where?

Answer 2

The Fertile Crescent

Question 3

Where is The Fertile Crescent

Answer 3

The Middle East

Question 4

What’s grown/raised in the Fertile Crescent?

Answer 4

Wheat, barley, oats
Sheep, goats, cattle, pigs

Question 5

What’s grown in Sub-Saharan Africa

Answer 5

Yams, coffee, sorghum

Question 6

What’s grown in Southeast Asia

Answer 6

Coconuts, mangos, sugarcane, bananas, rice, tea, grapefruit, taro

Question 7

What’s grown in East Asia

Answer 7

Rice, soybeans, walnuts

Question 8

What’s grown/raised in Mesoamerica?

Answer 8

Sweet potatoes, beans, maize, peppers, cotton, beans, potatoes, tomatos
Llama, alpacas

Question 9

Trade routes that diffused agriculture

Answer 9

Silk Road through Asia, Middle East, Europe, Africa, Columbian exchange

Question 10

What type of diffusion are trade routes?

Answer 10

Contagious diffusion

Question 11

What type of diffusion is migration?

Answer 11

Relocation diffusion

Question 12

Independent inventions

Answer 12

When a trait has many cultural hearths; the idea that the trait developed separately w/o being influenced by others.

Question 13

Green Revolution

Answer 13

Introduced GMOs where some replaced the original crops.

Question 14

Where did agriculture and animal domesticate originate from?

Answer 14

The fertile crescent->Turkey->East Europe->World

Question 15

What is contagious diffusion

Answer 15

First diffused to immediate surrounding areas through close contact and proximity between farmers.

Question 16

What are linear settlements?

Answer 16

Buildings along roads, rivers, transportation (in a line.)

Question 17

Metes & Bounds

Answer 17

Short distances, key geographic features.

Question 18

What are metes?

Answer 18

Straight lines connecting points

Question 19

Bounds?

Answer 19

Key geographic features

Question 20

Long lot

Answer 20

Lands divided into different, narrow parcels.

Question 21

What are parcels?

Answer 21

Each parcel has access to a transport system

Question 22

Township & Range

Answer 22

Utilizes longitude and latitude and a baseline. Creates grid lines.

Question 23

Which way do townships go?

Answer 23

North->South

Question 24

Which way do ranges go?

Answer 24

West->East

Question 25

What is intensive agriculture?

Answer 25

System of cultivation using large amounts of labor and capital. Urban, less area.

Question 26

Market Gardening and truck farming takes place where

Answer 26

In warm climates

Question 27

What does market gardening produce?

Answer 27

Fruits and vegetables

Question 28

Explanation of market gardening

Answer 28

Agriculture sold to large processes, some sold to consumers. Intensive COMMERCIAL. Reliant on migrant laborers and machinery

Question 29

Plantation climate

Answer 29

Tropical

Question 30

Plantation products

Answer 30

Cash crops, commodities.

Question 31

Explanation of plantation agriculture:

Answer 31

Intensive, reliant on cheap labor from former colonies.

Question 32

Mixed crop/livestock climate

Answer 32

Cold&Warm

Question 33

Mixed crop/livestock climate products

Answer 33

Corn, grains, soybeans to feed cattle and pigs

Question 34

Explanation of mixed crop/livestock

Answer 34

Growing crops to feed livestock: intensive commercial,

Question 35

Grain farming climate

Answer 35

Mid-Latitudes. Too dry for mixed crop/livestock

Question 36

Grain farming product

Answer 36

Wheat

Question 37

Grain farming explanation

Answer 37

Grown for human consumption. Sell output to manufacturers of products. COMMERCIAL INTENSIVE

Question 38

Dairy farming climate

Answer 38

Mid-latitudes

Question 39

Dairy farming products

Answer 39

Dairy products

Question 40

Dairy farming explanation

Answer 40

Intensive commercial: Dairy farmers use lots of labor, sell milk to wholesalers->retailers->consumers

Question 41

Mediterranean agriculture climate

Answer 41

Mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers, coastal.

Question 42

Mediterranean products

Answer 42

Olives, dates, grapes, figs

Question 43

Mediterranean explanation

Answer 43

Land is scarce, hilly. Labor intensive orchards. Crops are produced for global market paired with livestock.

Question 44

What is extensive agriculture?

Answer 44

Agriculture using small amounts of labor, rural, more land, lower production

Question 45

Shifting cultivation climate

Answer 45

Tropical

Question 46

Shifting cultivation products

Answer 46

Rice, corn, millet, sorghum

Question 47

Shifting cultivation explanation

Answer 47

EXTENSIVE SUBSTINENCE. Farmers move from one field to another after soil loses fertility

Question 48

Nomadic herding climate

Answer 48

Drylands/deserts

Question 49

Nomadic herding products

Answer 49

Cattle, camels, reindeer, goats, yaks, sheep, horses

Question 50

Nomadic herding explanations

Answer 50

EXTENSIVE SUBSTINENCE. Nomads move herds to different pastures and trade meat, milk, hides. RELY ON FOR SURVIVAL

Question 51

Ranching climate

Answer 51

Drylands/deserts

Question 52

Ranching products

Answer 52

Livestock: Cattle, sheep, goats

Question 53

Ranching explanation:

Answer 53

EXTENSIVE COMMERCIAL. Grazing of livestock, then sent to feedlots, then slaughtered.

Question 54

First agricultural revolution explanation:

Answer 54

Neolithic revolution. Nomadic->Sedentary.

Question 55

Industrial revolution

Answer 55

Started in Great Britain in 18th century.

Question 56

Enclosure movements

Answer 56

Small farmers kicked off land in England. Communally owned farms->Privately owned farms.

Question 57

Migration patterns during revolutions:

Answer 57

Rural->Urban, more economic opportunities

Question 58

Results of revolutions:

Answer 58

Population boom, more specialization, job opportunities. Diet changes, food surplus, globalization.

Question 59

2nd agricultural revolution

Answer 59

Started in Great Britain. Population growth, less farmers.

Question 60

Tech from revolutions

Answer 60

Iron/steel plow, seed drill, mccormick reapers, grain elevator, barbed wire, mixed nitrogen and nitric acid fertilizer