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HUG UNIT 6 Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Environmental sustainability

A

The responsible management of natural resources to fulfill current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same.

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2
Q

What are some urban sustainability challenges?

A

Urban sprawl, sanitation, air and water quality, climate change, energy use, and the ecological footprint of cities.

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3
Q

Some solutions to achieve urban sustainability;

A

Green belt, correctly used planning efforts, redevelopment of brown fields, and zoning.

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4
Q

What’s a green belt?

A

An environmental planning method that leaves natural, undeveloped, and/or agricultural lands that surround urban areas. Instituted to prevent urban sprawl.

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5
Q

What are brown fields?

A

Abandoned industrial/commercial areas with lots of pollution

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6
Q

Redevelopment of brown fields is a positive because…:

A

To improve public health, provide more job opportunities and more economic assets.

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7
Q

What is gentrification

A

The act of improving an already inhabited area, improving housing, and attracting new businesses. This typically displaces the previous residents who can’t afford it anymore and replaces them with wealthier ones.

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8
Q

Growth pole

A

A generator of economic activity.

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9
Q

Examples of growth poles:

A

Development of a new port or transportation hub, any areas that facilitate economic growth.

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10
Q

What’s an infilling

A

Form of urban planning: redevelopment of vacant land to improve the surrounding area

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11
Q

example of infilling:

A

previous industrial areas turned into housing, offices, or entertainment.

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12
Q

municipal:

A

local governments

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13
Q

what are the 3 categories of zoning?

A

residential, commercial, and industrial

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14
Q

what is zoning?

A

a regulation about what type of development/land use can occur in a specific location.

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15
Q

the paris height limit for skyscrapers is an example of what form of urban regulation?

A

zoning

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16
Q

what is filtering

A

neighborhood goes through demographic/economic change

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17
Q

infrastructure

A

the basic facilities and system serving a country, region, or community.

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18
Q

megacity

A

cities with 10+ million people

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19
Q

metacity

A

cities with 20+ million people

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20
Q

mixed use development:

A

type of urban development that blends multiple zoning categories such as residency+commercial.

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21
Q

what’s the goal of mixed use development?

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A

Classified as walkable and reduces pollution

22
Q

new urbanism

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A

An urban design movement that aims to make cities more sustainable. Promotes environmentally friendly habits by creating walkable neighborhoods containing a wide range of housing and job types.

23
Q

nodes of hierarchical diffusion:

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A

world cities>rest of the world.

24
Q

what are world cities

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A

cities with major populations with major influence on the rest of the world

25
Smart policies strive to achieve what goal?
goods, services, and economic and social opportunities for all. Helps avoid food deserts.
26
primate city
largest populated city in a country that is disproportionate to the next most populated city. Ex: 10 million to 1 million.
27
Example of primate city
Mexico city
28
Rank size rule cities:
From the largest to the smallest, each city will have a population half the size of the one before it.
29
What is counter urbanization?
More people move into the suburbs, away from urban area.
30
Reasons for counter urbanization
Job opportunities, advancements in communication and transportation.
31
Reasons for suburbanization
After WWII: economic boom->increase of suburbs. The mass marketing of the automobile, highways, and cellphones/internet, and higher taxes
32
Reasons for urbanization
rural->urban, industrialization, commercialization, change in the way of living, employment opportunities, social benefits, etc.
33
urban hierarchy:
city->town->village->hamlet
34
negatives of suburban and urban sprawl:
place-lessness, more pollution b/c of more dependence on automobiles, economically exclusive.
35
Christaller's central place theory
hexagons. shows the spatial layout/distribution of diff. goods and services and settlements. larger settlement=larger range. based on economic/consumer behavior HIERARCHICAL
36
range
distance ppl are willing to travel for a specific good/service
37
threshold
how many people are needed to be within the range in order to support the goods/services to stay profitable and sustainable
38
the gravity model
tries to predict likelihood of 2 places interacting looks at distance+size of pop. in each place. larger pop=more likely interaction, attracts more.
39
Peripheral includes:
favelas, squatters, slums
40
bid-rent theory
The further away from CBD=less expensive
41
Concentric model
Becoming outdated due to globalization, changes in production, gentrification, and urban renewal policies. RINGS 1. CBD 2. zone of transition 3. zone of independent workers' homes 4. zone of better residency 5. commuter's zone
42
Hoyt's sector model
WEDGES AND SECTORS changing b/c people are moving further away from CBD, so not accurate anymore low class live close to transportation
43
multiple nuclei model
multiple CBDs tries to account for tech advancements and transportation advancements applies to newer cities significant b/c has an airport
44
galactic city model
has edge cities that are connected by a beltway, allowing them to offer more specialized services applies to jax, houston, etc all major services connected by beltway
45
african city model
based on traditional markets and colonial CBDs. diverse cities, so more complex see squatter settlements COLONIZATION
46
latin american city model
only one that has a spine shows gentrification can see the difference btwn classes disamenity=extreme poverty increased urbanization-> squatter settlements COLONIZATION
47
SE asian city model
PORT= focus point special economic zones encourage trade COLONIZATION
48
redlining
the process of segregating communities even more, listed black neighborhoods as "unsafe" for loans, rejected mortgage
49
blockbusting
retailers would use the fear of black people moving in to buy houses from white people for cheaper, then sell it to black people for more expensive.
50
exurbs
neighborhoods for rich white people outside of CBD
51
edge cities
have their own economical districts, connected by beltway
52
boomburbs
suburbs growing at an uncontrollably fast rate

HUG (6 decks)

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