human anatomy

Question 1

arteries

Answer 1

large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 2

arterioles

Answer 2

small blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 3

capillaries

Answer 3

The smallest blood vessel, through which only one blood vessel can fit at a time. Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange happens here.

Question 4

veins

Answer 4

Large blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Question 5

antigen

Answer 5

A protein in blood that triggers the immune response to infections. Denoted by the letters of the four blood types A, B, AB, O

Question 6

atrium

Answer 6

A chamber of the heart in which blood arrives

Question 7

ventricle

Answer 7

A chamber of the heart which vents out blood to other areas of the body

Question 8

vena cava

Answer 8

Tube that carries blood into the right atrium from the body.

Question 9

pulmonary artery

Answer 9

Tube that carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 10

pulmonary vein

Answer 10

Tube that carries blood from the lungs into the left atrium.

Question 11

aorta

Answer 11

Tube that carries blood from the left ventricle to the body

Question 12

sinoatrial node

Answer 12

A “pacemaker” structure that sends an electrical signal throughout the atria, causing those cells to contract simultaneously via unmyelinated neurons

Question 13

ion

Answer 13

An atom that is gained or lost electrons resulting in having an electrical charge

Question 14

homeostasis

Answer 14

The bodys desire for and ability to maintain stable internal environment

Question 15

neuron

Answer 15

nerve cell

Question 16

axon

Answer 16

A long “cable” structure that extends from a neuron cell body, carrying electrical impulses to the axon terminals.

Question 17

schwann cells

Answer 17

Specialized cells that “insulate” the axon fibers, using a material called the myelin sheath; this myelin sheath insulation helps the neuron communicate more quickly.

Question 18

nodes of ranvier

Answer 18

Small sections of exposed axon fibers that are not insulated by Schwann cells.

Question 19

concentration gradient

Answer 19

A gradient of ions that are grouped into concentrations and can move across a membrane to relieve the chemical-potential energy.

Question 20

peripheral ns

Answer 20

A subsystem of the nervous system; second in command to the CNS; carries information to and from the brain and the rest of the body.

Question 21

autonomic ns

Answer 21

Part of peripheral system managing involuntary actions like stable internal environment by management of heart rate, breathing, digestion, blood pressure, arousal

Question 22

synaptic plasticity

Answer 22

The ability of a synaptic connection to strengthen or weaken depending on usage; allows for adaptations in neural circuitry; neural plasticity is reduced by prolonged exposure to stress and adrenal steroid hormones (adrenal glucocorticoids), like cortisol.

Question 23

parasympathetic ns

Answer 23

Nervous subsystem that calms the body down after a sympathetic response and maintains homeostasis/relaxation.

Question 24

central ns

Answer 24

The brain and spinal cord; receives, processes, responds, regulates; control center of the nervous system.

Question 25

resting potential

Answer 25

The difference in charge of the 2 concentrations of ions on the outside and inside of the nerve cells when at rest, creating the precondition necessary for nerve impulse transmission.

Question 26

synapses

Answer 26

Junctions were neurons get close enough to transfer signals across the synaptic cleft between neurons.

Question 27

action potential

Answer 27

The transmission of a nerve impulse by the trading of ions along an axon fiber.

Question 28

sympathetic ns

Answer 28

Subsystem of the nervous system preparing the body for immediate response to stress and danger, initiating the 'fight or flight' response.