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Human Defence System Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Humana defence system designed to do

A

Protect itself from foreign cells PATHOGENS

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2
Q

What are our two lines of defence

A

General and specific

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3
Q

What does the general defence system act as

A

A barrier

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4
Q

Is the general defence system specific

A

No

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5
Q

What is the general defence system broken down into

A

1st line and the second line

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6
Q

What is in the first line of the general defence system

A 
Skin 
Clotting 
Mucus 
Acid 
Cilia 
Lysozyme
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7
Q

What is Cilicia

A

Tiny hairs which line the respiratory system they best to move mucus

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8
Q

What does the acid do

A

Kill bacteria by denaturing enzymes

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9
Q

What does the lysozyme do

A

Enzyme in sweat and tears which dissolves cell walls

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10
Q

How does the skin protect the body

A

Physical barrier which secretes enzymes which kill pathogens

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11
Q

What does the second line of general defence system contain

A

Phagocytic white blood cells
Inflammation
Defence programmes

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12
Q

What do phagocytic white blood cells do

A

Ingest pathogens

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13
Q

What are large phagocytes called

A

Macrophages

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14
Q

What can phagocytes do

A

Move around the body or remain fixed

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15
Q

Where do phagocytes remained fixed

A

Spleen lymphatic system

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16
Q

What can phagocytes secrete

A

Chemicals that stimulate the general defence and cause fevers to destroy microbes at high temperatures

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17
Q

What are defence proteins

A

Set of 20 proteins in blood plasma that cause virus to burst

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18
Q

What stop viral multiplication

A

Interferons

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19
Q

What is inflammation

A

Infected cells release a chemical that causes blood swells to dilate

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20
Q

What is the name of the chemicals that cuss flammstion

A

Histamine

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21
Q

What are defence proteins also know as

A

Complementary system.

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22
Q

What is the specific defence system

A

Immune system

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23
Q

What activates the specific defence system

A

When pathogens get past the general defence system

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24
Q

What are organs that store white blood cells called

A

Lymphocytes, monocytes

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25
What are lymphocytes and monocytes
Tonsils, spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes
26
What are antigens
Amy foreign molecules capable of triggering an antibody response
27
Where are antigens found
Bacterial cell walls Viral costs Foreign cells Cancerous cells
28
What is an antibody
A protein produced by a white blood cell (lymphocyte) in response to an antigen
29
Where are lymphocytes and monocytes made
Bone marrow
30
Where do monocytes and lymphocytes go to from the bone marrow
Blood vessels and the lymphatic system
31
What do monocytes turn into
Macrophages
32
What do monocytes have
Small lobed nucleus
33
What do macrophages have the ability to do
Recognise antigens
34
What do macrophages do to antigens
Engulf foreign bodies and display the antigen on their surface to stimulate antibody production
35
What are the two types of lymphocytes
B lymphocytes | T lymphocytes
36
What do lymphocytes have
Large round nucleus
37
What do lymphocytes do
Continually inspect monocytes and body cells for evidence of antigens
38
What do lymphocytes do when an antigen is found
They divide into a huge mass of cells
39
Where do b lymphocytes made and mature
Bone marrow
40
What do each B lymphocytes produce
Only one type of antibody
41
What happens when a b lymphocyte comes into contact with a specific antigen
They produce thousand of identical B cells
42
What are the identica B cells called
Plasma cells
43
What do the thousands of B cells produce
Thousands of antibodies to fight the antigens
44
What happens to B cells after they have been fought
Mostly die
45
What happens to surviving B cells
They become memory B cells so it is faster to fight off the same pathogen if it comes back HOW WE ACHIEVE IMMUNITY
46
Where do at cells mature and where are they made
Made in bone marrow Mature in thymus gland
47
Do lymphocytes produce antibodies
No
48
What are the 4 Kinds of T cells
Helper Killer Suppressor Memory
49
What do helper T cells do?
Recognise antigens on macrophages, enlarge and form clones and secrete enzymes (INTERFERON) This stimulates production of B cells
50
What do helper T cells
Attack cells containing foreign antigens
51
What do helper T cells secrete
Chemical protein perforin that perforate the membranes of cells water and ions flow through the pores and infected cells swell and burst
52
What do suppressor cells do
Become activated once the antigen or pathogen has been destroyed They inhibit B cells and certain T cells from working The y suppress the immune system
53
What do memory T cells do
They survive for life for life they memories the immune response and stimulate memory B cells and produce antibodies if needed
54
What is the ability to resist dissed
Induced immunity
55
What are the two types of induced immunity
Active and passive
56
What are the two types of active and passive immunity
Natural and passive
57
What is active immunity
When a person produces their own antibodies in response to antigens
58
What is natural active immunity
Memory cells are produced
59
What is artificial active immunity
Obtained from a vaccination
60
What is a vaccination
Injection of killed pathogens which stimulate an immune response
61
What's immunisation
A process to increase the organisms reaction to an antigen
62
What's a vaccine
Non disease causing dose of pathogen
63
What is passive immunity
Antibodies passed in from another organism
64
What is natural, passive immunity
Occurs when a child revives antibodies from their mother
65
What is artificial passive immunity
Received antibodies from an injection / antibody

Biology (22 decks)

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