Human Factors

Question 1

What is hypoxia?

Answer 1

State of oxygen deficiency in the body

Question 2

What are the four forms of hypoxia?

Answer 2

1. Hypoxic
2. Hypemic
3. Stagnant
4. Histotixic

Question 3

What is hypoxic?

Answer 3

lack of oxygen in the lungs. Could be due to high altitudes due to reduction of pressure of oxygen

Question 4

What is hypemic?

Answer 4

Inability of blood to carry oxygen. This can be due to carbon monoxide poisoning ( cabin heat ).

Question 5

What is stagnant?

Answer 5

Lack of circulation of blood arriving to cells. Could be due to positive g-forces in fighter pilots. Heart failure

Question 6

What is histotoxic?

Answer 6

Cells inability to use the oxygen provided. Could be due to alcohol or narcotics

Question 7

What are some systems of hypoxia?

Answer 7

Slow judgement, slow memory, slow alertness, lack of coordination, headache, dizziness

Question 8

What is hyperventilating?

Answer 8

Abnormal increase in breathing. Can occur in stressful situations.

Question 9

How can you handle hyperventilating?

Answer 9

Slowly counting, breathing into a bag, saying ABC’s

Question 10

What is carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer 10

Colorless, odorless and tasteless gas contained in exhaust fumes.

Question 11

What action should be taken if a pilot experiences carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer 11

Immediately shut off cabin heat, open all air vents and windows.

Question 12

What should you do if your passenger experiences motion sickness?

Answer 12

Open air vents, loosen clothing, use supplement oxygen if provided, keep eyes on a point outside aircraft. Land as soon as possible.

Question 13

What is ear block?

Answer 13

A tube in your throat is used for equalizing pressure in your ears. When it is blocked, it can be difficult to equalize. The difference between the pressure in your ear & pressure in the cabin can cause pain.

Question 14

What actions can be taken to help ear block?

Answer 14

Swallowing, yawning, closing the mouth and pinching nose and attempting to blow out nostrils.

Question 15

What regulations apply for alcohol?

Answer 15

• can’t fly within 8 hours
• can’t be under the influence
• can’t be hungover
• can’t have .04 + alcohol levels

Question 16

What are the rules after scuba diving for flight crew?

Answer 16

Up to 8,000 MSL feet:
- wait 12 hours that did not require controlled descent
- wait 24 hours that required controlled descent
Flights above 8,000 MSL:
- wait 24 hours after any scuba dive

Question 17

What is ADM?

Answer 17

Aeronautical decision making.

Approach to mental process used by pilots to determine best course of action.

Question 18

What are the basic steps to decision making processes?

Answer 18

1. Define the problem
2. Choose action
3. Implement action
4. Evaluate outcome

Question 19

What is the DECIDE checklist?

Answer 19

D- detect change 
E- estimate need to change
C- choose most desirable outcome 
I- identify actions to take 
D- do action
E- evaluate outcome

Question 20

What are the five hazardous attitudes?

Answer 20

Anti-authority: follow the rules 
Impulsivity: think first - not so fast 
Invulnerability: it could happen to me
Macho: taking chances is foolish 
Resignation: you CAN make a difference

Question 21

What is a hazard?

Answer 21

Present condition, event, object or circumstance that could lead to an accident

Question 22

What is the PAVE checklist?

Answer 22

P- pilot
A- aircraft
V- environment
E- external pressures

Question 23

What is IMSAFE?

Answer 23

I- illness
M- medication 
S- stress
A- alcohol 
F- fatigue 
E- emotions/eating

Question 24

How can a pilot prioritize take in a stressful situation?

Answer 24

Aviate, navigate, communicate