Human Factors Flashcards
(14 cards)
Hypoxia
What it is:
-Hypemic: Inability of the blood to take and transport a sufficient amount of blood to the cells of the body “not enough blood” (Carbon monoxide poisoning)
-Hypoxic: Insufficient oxygen available to the body as a whole. reduction of partial pressure of oxygen at high altitudes. (No /not enough supplemental oxygen)
-Histotoxic: Inability of the cells to effectively use the oxygen. (Alcohol or other drugs)
-Stagnate: Oxygen-rich blood in the lungs not moving. (Excessive G’s being pulled during flight)
Symptoms: Fatigue, headache, impaired judgment, confusion, and tunnel vision
Hyperventilation
What it is: The excessive rate and depth of respiration leading to abnormal loss of carbon dioxide
Symtoms:
Visual Impairment
Dizzy
Tingling
Cure: Slowing breathing rate, breathing into a paper bag, talking out-loud
Middle ear and Sinus
What it is: During descents and climbs, the free gas in various body cavities expand due to difference in pressure, building pressure in those cavities. (Eustachian tube)
Symptoms: Fullness and clearing during climb and opposite during decent
Cure: Valsalva Maneuver
Spacial Disorientation
What it is: Lack of orientation of the airplane in space
Symptoms: All of the in flight illusions and approach illusions
Cure: Trust instruments
Motion Sickness
What it is: Brain receiving conflicting messages about the state of the body, usually during the first flights of a pilot or when having anxiety or stress
Symptoms: Discomfort, nausea, dizziness, paleness, sweating and vomiting
Cure: Avoid turbulent conditions, open fresh air vents, focus on outside objects, avoid unnecessary head movements
Carbon monoxide poisoning
What it is: Colorless odorless gas produced by combustion engines, 200x for attracted to hemoglobins than oxygen. Comes from exhaust leak in the heat or defrost vents.
Symptoms: Hypemic Hypoxia, Headache, blurred vision, dizziness, drowsiness.
Cure: Open windows and decend if possible
stress
What it is: The Body’s response to physical and psychological demands placed upon it. Causing the body to release chemical hormones into the blood. Acute and chronic stress
Symptoms: Fatigue, sleep disturbances, difficulty concentrating, irritability
Cure: Deep breathing and meditation, mindfulness practices, and adopting healthy habits
Fatigue
What it is: Commonly associated with pilot error. Result from sleep loss, exercise, stress, continuous cognitive work.
Symptoms: Degradation of attention and concentration, impaired coordination.
Cure: Getting adequate rest is the only way to prevent fatigue
dehydration
What it is: Critical loss of water from the body. hot flight decks, wind, humidity, and diuretic drinks are causues.
Symptoms: Headache, fatigue, cramps, sleepiness, dizziness.
Cure: drink two to four quarts of water every 24hrs, limit daily intake of diuretic drinks.
Effects of blood and alcohol
What it is: Impairs the efficiency of the human body. the influence of alcohol drastically reduces the chances of completing a flight without incident
Symptoms: Impair judgement, decrease sense of responsibility, affect coordination, constrict visual field, diminish memory, reduce reasoning ability, lower attention span.
Cure: Don’t drink
Hypothermia
What it is: Occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it, causing a dangerous drop in core body temperature. (Below 95°)
Symptoms: Shivering, Slurred speech,
Slow shallow breathing, Weak pulse, lack of coordination.
Cure: Proper Clothing, Emergency Supplies, Planning, Awareness.
Optical illusions
What it is: Illusions during flight that happen during IMC conditions that mess with the vestibular system tricking it to experience false senses
Symptoms: ICEFLAGS
Cure: Trust instruments
Dissolved nitrogen in the bloodstream (scuba diving)
What it is: Scuba diving subjects the body to increased pressure, which allows more nitrogen to dissolve in body tissues and fluids leading to potential physical problems during flight. Non-decompression 12hr, Decompression 24hr
Symptoms: Bends, Chokes, Skin bends, Neurological manifestations
Cure: Allowing the body sufficient time to rid itself of excess nitrogen
ADM, CRM, SRM (3P and Decide)
What it is: Aeronautical decision making, crew recourse management, Single-Pilot Resource Management.
Symptoms: Inefficient cockpit
Cure: -Perceive, Process, Perform. -Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, evaluate
