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KNPE 486: Motor Skills > Human Information Processing > Flashcards

Human Information Processing Flashcards

1
Q

What do sensory systems have?

A
  1. Sense organs and receptors that detect info from the environment.
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2
Q

What are sensory receptors?

A
  1. Specialized structures that adopt different shapes depending on their function.
  2. Nerve ending, once activated, sends signal to CNS
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3
Q

Transduction?

A
  1. Refers to the conversion of physical/chemical stimuli into electrical signals (action potentials)
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4
Q

How is a stimulus converted into a neural signal?

A
  1. The stimulus opens ion channels in the receptor membrane. In most cases, channel opening results in the influx of Na+ into the receptor, causing a depolarization of the membrane.
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5
Q

4 different ways our sensory perception can be changed?

A
  1. Modality: way we perceive stimuli
  2. Intensity: stimuli intensity
  3. Duration: Stimuli time-course
  4. Location: Where you perceive stimuli.
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6
Q

Sensory receptors (modality)

A
  1. Specific neuronal pathways sending info to specific cortical areas.
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7
Q

Sensory receptors (Intensity)

A
  1. Proportional to intensity of the stimulus.
  2. How much we are depolarizing
    a. Frequency code
    b. Receptors population code.
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8
Q

Population Coding

A
  1. Related to intensity
  2. Number of receptors activated.
  3. 1 finger vs 5 fingers touching you.
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8
Q

Sensory Receptors (Duration)

A
  1. Depends on the firing pattern of sensory receptors.
  2. Rapidly adapting: Sitting in a chair for a long time, (forgetting its there)
  3. slowly adapting
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9
Q

Frequency Code

A
  1. More activation over a long period of time creates greater intensity.
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9
Q

Cones

A
  1. Gives our vision color
  2. Red, Blue, Green
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9
Q

Sensory Receptors (Location)

A
  1. Provides info about spatial location and spatial resolution of the stimulus.
  2. Resolution represents touch detail
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10
Q

Retina

A
  1. Contains sensory receptors (photoreceptors) and other types of neurons organized in different cellular layers.
  2. Receive light, convert light into neural signals, send signals to brain for visual recognition.
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11
Q

What are rods and cones?

A
  1. Contains pigments that can be stimulated by light (different wave lengths)
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12
Q

Sensory Receptor Field

A
  1. Each sensory receptor is most sensitive to stimulation of a specific area.
  2. What action potential are released from a sensory neuron, the neuron receptive field codes the stimulus location.
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13
Q

Rods

A
  1. Vision in low light
14
Q

3 types of sensory systems

A
  1. Somatosensory
  2. Auditory
  3. Visual
15
Q

Visual Pathways

A
  1. Through thalamus transmit (and process) visual info to visual cortex.
16
Q

Spatial Perception

A
  1. Dorsal visual stream; determines “where is it”
  2. Parietal Lobe
17
Q

Object recognition

A
  1. Ventral visual stream; determines “what is it?”
  2. Temporal Lobe
18
Q

Somatosensory System

A
  1. Provides info from our body that is essential to make movements.
  2. Touch, body temp, pain, body position
19
Q

Touch Receptors

A
  1. Located on skin and muscles (sense external stimuli.)
  2. Mediated by four types of mechanoreceptors in the human hand.
20
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscle

A
  1. Initial contact of the body with objects
  2. Adapt quickly
  3. RA: Rapidly adapting
  4. Initial contact with chair
  5. Neural spike at beginning and end of touch sensation.
21
Q

Merkel’s complex

A
  1. SA: Slowly adapting
  2. Merkle’s disc/nerve endings
  3. reading braille
  4. Picks up ridges and edges (typing)
22
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles

A
  1. Detecting deep pressure
  2. Detecting Vibration
    Rapid adapting
23
Q

Ruffini Corpuscle

A
  1. Slow adapting
  2. Detecting stretch
  3. Minor stretching relating to object manipulation (squeezing a cup to keep it from slipping.)
24
Q

Proprioceptors

A
  1. Located on muscles and joints and sense muscle position and movement of our body.
25
Q

The 4 mechanoreceptors

A
  1. Meissner corpuscle
  2. Merkel cells
  3. Pacinian corpuscle
  4. Ruffini endings
26
Q

Muscle Spindle

A
  1. Velocity of stretch and length of muscle stretch
27
Q

Golgi Tendon organ

A
  1. Located between muscle and tendon.
  2. Detects amount of force generating with muscle.
28
Q

Vestibular System

A
  1. In the inner ear
  2. Contributes to balance and controlling eye movement.
  3. Upright standing and walking
29
Q

Semicircular canals

A
  1. Head rotation
30
Q

Utricle and saccule

A
  1. Linear motion
  2. Inner ear

KNPE 486: Motor Skills (13 decks)

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