Human Nervous System Flashcards Preview

LIFESC Module 4 (Matric Work) > Human Nervous System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Human Nervous System Deck (33)
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1
Q

Effectors

A

Muscles and glands

2
Q

Sensory function

A

Sensory receptors detect the changes in the external environment and the environment within the organism

3
Q

Integrative function

A

CNS integrates the information

4
Q

Motor function

A

Effectors to bring about response

5
Q

Stimulus

A

Any physical or chemical change in the environment ( both internal and external) that is capable of causing a response in an organism

6
Q

Myelinated

A

Neuron covered by myelin sheath

7
Q

Neurolgia

A

Cells bind neurons together to give support and help with nutrition of the cells

8
Q

Nerve impulse

A

A wave of depolarization ( also called an action potential) traveling along a nerve fiber in response to stimulation

9
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

The gap separating neurons

10
Q

Synapse

A

The junction across which a nerve impulse passes from an axon terminal to a neuron, a muscle or a gland cell.

11
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

A chemical substance released from axon terminals at a synapse to either stimulate or inhibit the postsynaptic membrane

12
Q

Myoneural synapse

A

The synapse between the terminal branches of a motor neuron and a muscle

13
Q

Nerve fiber

A

Extension of a nerve cell or neuron

I.e. Axon or dendrite

14
Q

Nerve

A

Large number of neuron fibers (which may/ my not be myelinated) bound together by connective tissue into bundles and surrounded by epineurium

15
Q

Meninges

A

Protective and nourishing connective tissue covering brain

16
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

A fluid formed from blood plasma in special areas in the walls of the ventricles. It protects CNS & prevents cells drying out

17
Q

Vasodilation

A

Widening of blood cells

18
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Narrowing of blood vessels

19
Q

Spinal cord

A

Elongated rod of nervous tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata through the foramen magnum

20
Q

Ganglion

A

A small mass of sensory neuron cell bodies, found mainly in the peripheral nervous system

21
Q

Automatic

A

Done without having to think

22
Q

Reflex action

A

Fast, automatic response by an effectors organ or a gland, to a stimulus received by a receptor organ

23
Q

Reflex arc

A

Pathway along which nerve impulses are carried from a receptor to am effectors to bring about a reflex action

24
Q

Nissl granules

A

Groups of ribosomes int the neuroplasm that are involved with protein synthesis

25
Q

Neurilemma

A

A collective name for the outer sheath made up of Schwann cells

26
Q

Schwann cells

A

Wrap themselves around the axon several times.

The inner, concentric layers of fatty tissue fuse to form myelin sheath

27
Q

Free nerve endings

A

Sensory nerve endings

28
Q

Myoneural synapse

A

The terminal branch of a motor neuron and muscle

29
Q

Nerve fiber

A

Extension of a nerve cell or neuron, i.e. An axon or dendrite

30
Q

Nerve

A

Consists of a large number of neuron fibers (may/ may not be myelinated) bound together by connective tissue into bundles and surrounded by a sheath of connective tissue, the epineurium

31
Q

Gyri

A

Folds

32
Q

Sulci

A

Grooves

33
Q

Co- ordination

A

The way in which information is communicated between the receptors of the body, the central nervous system and the effectors to bring about appropriate reactions to any change in environment