Human Nervous System Flashcards

(33 cards)

1
Q

Effectors

A

Muscles and glands

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2
Q

Sensory function

A

Sensory receptors detect the changes in the external environment and the environment within the organism

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3
Q

Integrative function

A

CNS integrates the information

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4
Q

Motor function

A

Effectors to bring about response

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5
Q

Stimulus

A

Any physical or chemical change in the environment ( both internal and external) that is capable of causing a response in an organism

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6
Q

Myelinated

A

Neuron covered by myelin sheath

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7
Q

Neurolgia

A

Cells bind neurons together to give support and help with nutrition of the cells

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8
Q

Nerve impulse

A

A wave of depolarization ( also called an action potential) traveling along a nerve fiber in response to stimulation

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9
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

The gap separating neurons

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10
Q

Synapse

A

The junction across which a nerve impulse passes from an axon terminal to a neuron, a muscle or a gland cell.

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11
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

A chemical substance released from axon terminals at a synapse to either stimulate or inhibit the postsynaptic membrane

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12
Q

Myoneural synapse

A

The synapse between the terminal branches of a motor neuron and a muscle

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13
Q

Nerve fiber

A

Extension of a nerve cell or neuron

I.e. Axon or dendrite

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14
Q

Nerve

A

Large number of neuron fibers (which may/ my not be myelinated) bound together by connective tissue into bundles and surrounded by epineurium

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15
Q

Meninges

A

Protective and nourishing connective tissue covering brain

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16
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

A fluid formed from blood plasma in special areas in the walls of the ventricles. It protects CNS & prevents cells drying out

17
Q

Vasodilation

A

Widening of blood cells

18
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Narrowing of blood vessels

19
Q

Spinal cord

A

Elongated rod of nervous tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata through the foramen magnum

20
Q

Ganglion

A

A small mass of sensory neuron cell bodies, found mainly in the peripheral nervous system

21
Q

Automatic

A

Done without having to think

22
Q

Reflex action

A

Fast, automatic response by an effectors organ or a gland, to a stimulus received by a receptor organ

23
Q

Reflex arc

A

Pathway along which nerve impulses are carried from a receptor to am effectors to bring about a reflex action

24
Q

Nissl granules

A

Groups of ribosomes int the neuroplasm that are involved with protein synthesis

25
Neurilemma
A collective name for the outer sheath made up of Schwann cells
26
Schwann cells
Wrap themselves around the axon several times. | The inner, concentric layers of fatty tissue fuse to form myelin sheath
27
Free nerve endings
Sensory nerve endings
28
Myoneural synapse
The terminal branch of a motor neuron and muscle
29
Nerve fiber
Extension of a nerve cell or neuron, i.e. An axon or dendrite
30
Nerve
Consists of a large number of neuron fibers (may/ may not be myelinated) bound together by connective tissue into bundles and surrounded by a sheath of connective tissue, the epineurium
31
Gyri
Folds
32
Sulci
Grooves
33
Co- ordination
The way in which information is communicated between the receptors of the body, the central nervous system and the effectors to bring about appropriate reactions to any change in environment