human regeneration case studies Flashcards
(44 cards)
1
Q
stratford due to globalisation it left behind
A
Derelict brownfield sites
High unemployment
Low land values
Poor environmental quality
2
Q
stratford why did it need regenerating
A
- in 2021 30% of adults had no qualifications
- had a shortage of good-quality affordable housing
- waterways were polluted and inaccessible
3
Q
what was a positive of stratford to have regeneration
A
had untapped transport links
had potential to become a new economic centre
4
Q
how have san francisco bay (silicon valley) been successful in changing people’s perception of it (5)
Negatives of it (gold rush)
A
- high rates of employment
- inward migration (internal and international)
- low levels of multiple deprivation
- high property prices
- skill shortages in both urban and
rural areas.
Gentrification occurred
5
Q
what happened to the rustbelt in USA (2)
A
- economic restructuring led to producing steel and cars
- closed +abandoned due to other factories cheaper for the importers
6
Q
why was the rustbelt in a convenient area to begin with
A
as was near the great lakes in Canada so useful for transport
7
Q
what has the social impacts been of deindustrialisation been on Gary (4)
A
- population has shrunk from 180,000 to fewer than 70,000 from the 1960s
- poverty rate is 38%
- murder rate and high-school drop out rate are among the highest in the country
- real unemployment is 30%
8
Q
what has the economical impacts been of deindustrialisation been on Gary (2)
A
- received $6M from the state gov for the demolition of abandoned buildings
- 5,000 boarded-up houses around a quarter of city’s buildings
9
Q
what are the 2 examples of infrastructure investment
A
heathrow
high speed 2 (HS2)
10
Q
what are the costs of the heathrow airport (2)
A
- £18.6 billion privately funded
- lots of anti-expansion protest groups
11
Q
what are the benefits to the heathrow expansion (2)
A
- generate £100 billion of benefits nationally
- create 70,000 new jobs
12
Q
what are the costs to the HS2 (2)
A
- estimated in 2020 to be £105 billion
- may benefit london more than adressing divide in the North
13
Q
what are benefits of the HS2 (3)
A
- connects the north and south easier
- benefit London
- help people gain jobs and reduce occupational immobility
14
Q
case study: enabling foreign
investment in prime London real estate
A
Russian OLIGAQRCHS FINS INFO
15
Q
business park cornwall Newquay Aerohub criticisms (4)
A
- only new jobs were in the architects, designers, construction, consultancy jobs to market Aeorohib ‘brand’
- tried to develop supersonic car ‘Bloodhound’ but run out of investment in 2019
- in 2019 second business park opened- by 2023 20 of the 23 sites empty
- £20m if public money spent on it
16
Q
what are the effects of the Newquay Aerohub business park (2)
A
- Bristol Helicopters took over coastalguard duties from the RAF (privatisation)
- Cornwall air ambulance changed its base from trune to benefit frfom lower business rates
17
Q
cambridge science parks (2)
A
- since 1970 used its expertise to drive wealth growth
- by creating a science park and supporting the development of modern affordable housing, they managed to attract start-ups and large foreign TNCs Astra- Zeneca. And Tishiba and Microsoft
18
Q
conflict over olympic regeneration project (2)
A
- some wish to preserve the enivironment and other seek change
- local interest groups play key role in making decisions the London legacy development corporation
19
Q
URBAN ANSD RURAL regeneration
london stratford
A
- tourism added new platforms
- added new cycle lanes and improved road links A12+A13
20
Q
glasgow’s regeneration (3)
A
- in 1990 began regeneration
- £70 million in 2011 opened- museum of transport
- art gallery museum had 2 mill visitors since 2019
21
Q
when did glasgow: ‘Scotland with style’ begin,
what were the positives (3)
A
- in 2004 Glasgow began a £1.5 million rebranding campaign
- increase urban competitiveness
- attract investment, qualified workers, students
22
Q
what were the negatives of glasgow: ‘Scotland with style’ (4)
A
- has to be more than ad campaigns (physical landscape- costly)
- new building but are they solving economic/social problems
- should money be spent on housing/education
- becomes repetitive of other competitive cities- all look the same rather than stand out
23
Q
what is Brontë country an example of
A
is an example of heritage and literary associations
24
Q
where is Brontë country
and what investments were made to make more tourism
A
- Haworth, Yorkshire
- a £210,000 investment in new Brontë branded buses in 2015 aiming to tighten the link between the main route and the area’s visitor attractions
- it runs hourly 7 days a week
25
why is Brontë country famous for tourists
as the Brontë sisters lived there who were famous 19th century writers
it includes their home and surrounding land that inspired their novels
26
what is kielder forest an example of
is an example of outdoor pursuits and adventure in both accessible and remote areas
27
what is kielder forest and where is it
Northumberland, one of England's largest forests
28
how many visitors does kielder forest attract and why
and where is its funding
* 345,000 visitors a year
* it gets no government funding and relies soley on donations and car park fees from visitors
* also has an observatory to benefit from astro tourism
29
stratford functions previously 19th century
in the 19th century=
industrial hub as the railway opened in 1840 helped turn it into an industrial town for railway engineering
housed the working-class
30
stratford functions 20th/21st century
* original funtion is industrial
* underwent significant de-industrialisation due to steam trains no longer needed when changed to electric in 1950s
* left alot of unemployment (strucural) and social problems
to regenerate:
1.Westfield Stratford City Shopping Centre open moves the function to retail and leisure
2.international station makes it easier for tourism and and connectivity
31
cornwalls functions 19th century
* tin and copper mining
* global centre for mining technology
* started to decline as competition abroad
| industrial
32
cornwalls functions 20th/21st century
* Mining and heavy industry collapsed by the mid-20th century
* became increasingly economically deprived, leading to high unemployment
into the 21
* reinvented as tourism, environmental innovation
* EDEN PROJECT - lead it to be leader in eco-tourism and sustainable development.
* brings in tourists and economic stability
33
where is Salford Quays
Manchester
34
what was Salford Quays used for before regeneration
* manchester docks operated from 1894-1984
* in 1970 use of docks declined as ships from containerisation became too large
35
how many jobs were lost in Salford Quays
3000 when it started to close in 1982
36
what was new in regeneration in Salford Quays
* was bbc + itv studios,
* 900 businesses supporting
* 26,000 jobs
37
what was the change in function of Salford Quays
from industrial to retail + leisure
due to containerisation
38
1. what was tourism-led regeneration
2. retail-led regeneration
3. culture-led regeneration
1. evident of Lowry theatre + imperial war museum
2. shown by construction of a shopping centre nearby
3. shown by the establishment of museums like imperial war museum North
39
stats for salford dockland (6)
* in 2016, apartments in NV buildings were on sale for £825,000
* apartment development 50% were sold to local poeple but 25% to Chinese investors and 25% to Uk residents living overseas
* 2012 reported only 24 of the 680 new jobs at the BBC in Salford went to local people
* 2013 local historians/ people were upset when 2 iconic industrial quayside cranes were demolished
* changed name Salford Dockland to Salford Quays as sounded industrial
40
where is the North Antrim Coast
North of Northern Ireland
41
# North Antrim Coast
what is the LEADER project main action taken (4)
* used LEADER approcach to give locals more control over regeneration
* they received £9.6m of EU redevelopment funds allocated to 280 members.
* £30k was used as start up investment for small mon-agricultural businesses
* £100k to expand broadband provision
42
# North Antrim Coast
what was the development of the Bushmills Dunes Golf Resort cause conflict (2)
* £100million resort proposed to include 18 hole golf, a five-star hotel + 70 gold lodges
* is 500 metres away from Giant's causeway, (basaltic rock) a VNESCO world heritage site
1. overtourism: surge in visitors has lef to concerns about environmental degradation and strain on local resources
2. community access: some local residents feel alienated from areas that have become commercialised, such as the Giant's causeway, where access is now more regulated
3. environmental concerns: proposesd developments, like the Bushmills Dunes Golf Resort near the Giants Causeway, faced opposition from environmentalists due to potential threats to teh UNESCO world heritage site
43
portrush regeneration programme
44
magheracross scenic viewpoint
