Humanist

Question 1

Humanism - key points

Answer 1

• Rejects scientific approach and objective study of individuals
• Focus should be on the individual and their unique and subjective experiences
• Prefers deeper study of individuals to shallower understanding of a group

Question 2

Free Will

Answer 2

• Our ability to make our own decisions about our behaviours, independent of internal/external factors
• We are active agents in our development

Question 3

Holism

Answer 3

• Considers whole individual and seeks to understand them - not genes or reactions to stimuli
• Considers interconnectedness of various factors and aspects of behaviour, rather than focusing on one factor or aspect of behaviour only

Question 4

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 4

1) Self-Actualisation
2) Self-Esteem
3) Love & Belonging
4) Safety & Security
5) Physiological Needs

Question 5

Theory behind Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 5

• Interested in ideal, not abnormal, development
• Need to meet these needs, which will motivate our behaviour
• Cannot achieve self-actualisation without satisfying all prior needs
• Base of pyramid - most basic needs, progress upwards
• Progression isn’t fixed because we can still move up or down the pyramid

Question 6

Hierarchy of Needs - Deficiency Needs

Answer 6

Needs that cause unpleasant feelings, discomfort, or negative consequences if not resolved

Question 7

Hierarchy of Needs - Growth Needs

Answer 7

Aren’t result of something lacking or trying to avoid consequences, but from desire to grow as a person

Question 8

Hierachy of Needs - Self-Actualisation

Answer 8

• Innate desire to fulfil our potential
• Always dealing with different needs and moving in/out of each level
• Progression through hierarchy will differ from person to person - typically caused by psychological barriers

Question 9

Carl Rogers

Answer 9

• 2 Basic needs - positive regard from others, feelings of self-worth
• Self-worth develops as a child, formed by parental interactions
• As we get older, self-worth is also determined by interactions with peers, partners, friends
• Psychological health determined by self-worth

Question 10

Congruence

Answer 10

• State we are in when our ideal self and how we perceive ourselves are similar
• More similarity = greater congruence, higher self-worth
• Incongruence = ideal and perceived self do not match

Question 11

Conditions of Worth

Answer 11

• People can give conditional or unconditional love
• Conditions we believe our family/friends have put on us to be loved - self-acceptance then linked to them
• Even if we are being unconditionally loved, we may perceive their love otherwise

Question 12

Client-Centred Therapy

Answer 12

• Unconditional Postive Regard from the therapist
• Those seeking treatment are clients, not patients
• Non-directive - client is in charge and will come to their own realisations with the support of the therapist
• Forward focused - doesn’t dwell on the past
• Therapists offer supportive and empathetic environment