Hurwitz02

Question 1

infant skin is ***% thinner

Answer 1

40-60

Question 2

normal reticulated bluish mottling of the skin seen on the trunk and extremities of infants and young children

Answer 2

Cutis marmorata

Question 3

treatment for cutis marmorata

Answer 3

none, transitory and benign

Question 4

white negative pattern of cutis marmorata

Answer 4

cutis marmorata alba

Question 5

if cutis marmorata changes are persistent even with rewarming, and are deep violaceous in color, what is possible dx?

Answer 5

cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita

Question 6

occurs when the infant is lying on his or her side and consists of reddening of one-half of the body with simultaneous blanching of the other half

Answer 6

Harlequin color change

Question 7

cause of Harlequin color change

Answer 7

immaturity if hypothalamic centers for peripheral blood vessel tone

Question 8

a term used to describe infants who develop a grayish-brown discoloration of the skin, serum, and urine while undergoing phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia

Answer 8

Bronze baby syndrome

Question 9

a subperiosteal hematoma overlying the calvarium

Answer 9

cephalohematoma

Question 10

localized edema of the newborn scalp related to the mechanical forces involved in parturition

Answer 10

Caput succedaneum

Question 11

severe Caput succedaneum may cause

Answer 11

alopecia

Question 12

refers to an annular alopecia that presents in a circumferential ring around the scalp in infants with a history of caput

Answer 12

Halo scalp ring

Question 13

macular depressions or outpouchings of skin associated with loss of dermal elastic tissue seen in premature infants

Answer 13

Anetoderma of prematurity

Question 14

may occur on the scalp or chest of infants or children at sites of electroencephalograph or electrocardiograph electrode placement, as a result of diagnostic heel sticks performed during the neonatal period, or after intramuscular or intravenous administration of calcium chloride or calcium gluconate for the treatment of neonatal hypocalcemia

Answer 14

Calcinosis cutis

Question 15

wax-like hardening if skin and subQ covering whole body in premature infants with serious underlying condition; poor prognosis

Answer 15

sclerema neonatorum

Question 16

circumscribed, indurated erythematous nodules and plaques on buttucks, thighs,arms, face, shoulders in full term, healthy newborns; good prognosis

Answer 16

subcutaneous fat necrosis

Question 17

mortality in scerema neonatorum

Answer 17

50-70%

Question 18

etiology of subQ fat necrosis

Answer 18

perinatal trauma, asphyxia, hypothermia, hypercalcemia

Question 19

lab abnormalities of subQ fat necrosis

Answer 19

thrombocytopenia, hypoglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia

Question 20

vesicular eruption with subsequent maceration and obstruction of the eccrine ducts (sweat retention)

Answer 20

Miliaria

Question 21

miliaria which consists of clear superficial pinpoint vesicles without an inflammatory areola;

Answer 21

Miliaria crystallina (sudamina

Question 22

miliaria deeper level of sweat gland obstruction and characterized by small discrete erythematous papules, vesicles, or papulovesicles

Answer 22

Miliaria rubra (prickly heat),

Question 23

Discrete, 2- to 3-mm round, pearly white or yellow, freely movable elevations at the gum margins

Answer 23

bohn nodule

Question 24

Discrete, 2- to 3-mm round, pearly white or yellow, freely movable elevations at midline of the hard palate

Answer 24

epstein pearls

Question 25

erythema toxicum may be confused with

Answer 25

transient neonatal pustular melanosis (TNPM) or congenital infection like candidiasis, herpes simplex, bacteria

Question 26

EPF

Answer 26

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis

Question 27

immune disorder associated with Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis

Answer 27

hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome (HIES)

Question 28

EPF treatment

Answer 28

topical corticosteroids and antihistamines for symptom control

Question 29

bacteria of impetigo

Answer 29

staph

Question 30

superficial vesiculopustular lesions that rupture easily and evolve into hyperpigmented macules with collarette of fine white scale

Answer 30

Transient neonatal pustular melanosis (TNPM)

Question 31

treatment for Transient neonatal pustular melanosis (TNPM)

Answer 31

none, is a benign disorder

Question 32

recurrent, pruritic, vesiculopustular lesions that recur every few weeks to months on palms and soles

Answer 32

Acropustulosis of infancy

Question 33

how to diagnose acropustulosis of infancy

Answer 33

pustule smear shows large neutrophils and few eos

Question 34

treatment for severe Acropustulosis of infancy

Answer 34

dapsone

Question 35

erosive and bullous lesions present at birth that lead to reticulated supple scarring of trunk, extremities, scalp, face in premature infants

Answer 35

Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis

Question 36

``` in Congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis Hair: Nails: Dentition: Eyes: Other: Neuro: ```

Answer 36

``` Hair: may have alopecia Nails: may be hypoplastic or absent Dentition: normal Eyes: chronic conjunctivitis Other: hyperthermia Neuro: defects, such as retadation, hemiparesis, microcephaly, CP, seizures ```

Question 37

disease with severe seb derm, exfoliation, failure to thrive, diarrhea

Answer 37

Leiner disease

Question 38

Leiner disease associated with the following immune diseases:

Answer 38

deficiency or dysfunction of complement, Bruton agammaglobulinemia, severe combined immunodeficiency, and HIES.

Question 39

consider this dx in any infant with a recalcitrant or hemorrhagic seborrheic dermatitis-like eruption and/or flexural papules with discrete erosions

Answer 39

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)

Question 40

benign disorder of infancy characterized by purple-red nodules in the skin of the groin, lower abdomen, and inner thighs

Answer 40

Granuloma gluteale infantum

Question 41

Granuloma gluteale infantum etiology

Answer 41

unique response to local inflammation, maceration, and possibly secondary infection

Question 42

spectrum of disorders defined by absent or incomplete fusion of the midline bony elements and may include congenital spinal-cord anomalies

Answer 42

Spinal dysraphism

Question 43

Spinal dysraphism stigmata

Answer 43

hypertrichosis (the classic “faun tail” or finer, lanugo hair), lipomas, vascular lesions (infantile hemangioma, port wine stain) prominent sacral dimples, sinuses, appendages (skin tag, tail), ACC, and melanocytic nevi

Question 44

congenital defect of the skin characterized by localized absence of the epidermis, dermis, and at times, subcutaneous tissues; generally occurs on scalp; presents as solitary or multiple, sharply demarcated, weeping or granulating, oval to circular, stellate defects

Answer 44

Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC)

Question 45

defects associated with aplasia cutis congenita

Answer 45

rare: cleft lip and palate, ophthalmologic defects, limb reduction defects, cardiac anomalies, gastrointestinal tract malformations, spinal dysraphism, hydrocephalus, defects of the underlying skull, congenital midline porencephaly, spastic paralysis, seizures, mental retardation, and vascular anomalies

Question 46

syndrome: atrophic skin at the temples (historically likened to forceps marks), coarse facial appearance, absent or duplicated eyelashes of the upper eyelids (distichiasis), eyebrows that slant sharply upward and laterally, and periorbital puffiness; Lips may be large with an inverted V contour; developmental delay

Answer 46

Setleis syndrome

Question 47

congenital rubella complication

Answer 47

cataracts, deafness, cardiac defects

Question 48

distinct cutaneous feature of congenital rubella

Answer 48

diffuse eruption composed of blue-red infiltrative papules and nodules and occasionally smaller purpuric macules, measuring 2 to 8 mm in diameter, representing so-called “blueberry muffin” lesions

Question 49

treatment for congenital rubella

Answer 49

supportive care

Question 50

Congenital varicella syndrome may present with

Answer 50

low birthweight, ophthalmologic defects (including microphthalmia, Horner syndrome, cataracts, and chorioretinitis), neurologic defects (including mental retardation, seizures, cortical atrophy, encephalomyelitis, and developmental delay), limb hypoplasia with flexion contractures and malformed digits, and gastrointestinal and genitourinary defects and vesicles and/or scarring in dermatomal distribution

Question 51

Congenital Parvovirus B19 Infection may cause

Answer 51

anemia, hydrops fetalis, and even intrauterine fetal demise