HVII Consolidation of power 1485-1547 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Summary of the war of the roses…
- York vs Lancaster
- white rose vs red rose
- both houses had claim to the throne
- Battle of Bodsworth ended it 1485
Strengths of Henry VII
- Descendant from a king
- Exiled by his mother at 14
- had no involvement in the war of the roses
- married to Elizabeth of York
- brings future alliances with France because of his exile in Brittany
Weaknesses of Henry VII
- had a we claim to the throne through the female line
- no experience with the political system of England
- Insecure and paranoid
Who had a stronger claim to the throne than Henry?
- Elizabeth of York
- Edward Earl of Warwick
- John de la pole
Who was Lord Thomas Stanley 1435-1509
- Henry VII’s stepfather
- Stood aside from the battlefield
- his intervention on behalf of Henry was crucial
- Was made Earl of Derby
Who was Sir William Stanley 1435-95
- Rewarded with the post of Lord chaimberlan which gave him political influence
- Enabled the development of his estate in Cheshire and North Wales
- was a shock when he was accused of treason
How did Henry defeat Richard at the Battle of Bodsworth ?
Heard of opposition towards richard. began to gather troops. Got financial support from the king of France. Travelled across Wales met Thomas Stanley and gained more troops then travelled to the battlefield
What did Henry do to consolidate his power in the early years of his reign.
- predate his reign to 21st August 1485
- Marry Elizabeth of York in 1486
- Crowned King in October 1485
- began a progress
- got the backing of the pope
Who is the Earl of Warwick?
- son of Edward IV’s brother, Duke of Clarence
- Placed in Tower of London 1485
- stayed in the tower except for occasional public appearances
- alleged to have plotted with Perkin Warbeck in 1499
Who is Jon de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln?
- Nephew of Ed IV and Richard III
- Designated successor
- A Yorkist leader in the aftermath of Bodsworth
Who was Margaret of burgundy?
- Sister of Edward IV and Richard III
- never reconciled to the tudor takeover
- dowager duchess of Burgundy
- access to funds which enabled encouragement of Yorkist claimants
The threat of Viscount lovell and the Stafford 1486?
- minor rising 1486 at Easter
- led by Francis Viscount lovell and Humphrey Stafford
- out of fear Henry wouldn’t give them any local power
- lovell tried in the North Riding of Yorkshire and Stafford tried in the Midlands, they had been in sanctuary
- lovell escaped and Stafford captured and executed( his younger brother Thomas was pardoned
How did Henry overcome the threat?
- there was poor uprising leadership
- local gentry stood firm for Henry
- Richards tarnished rep
- Benefit from la of foreign support and planning
- Henrys response was proportionate
The threat of Lambert Simnel?
- tutored for the purpose of impersonating Richard Duke of York ( switched to Earl of Warwick)
- conspiracy put together by John De la Pole Earl of lincon (a Yorkist claimant)
- Lincon deserted Henry at court after supporting him to go to Margaret of burgundy and gained her support
- she paid for 2000 German mercenaries to invade England with around 8000 Irish soldiers
- captured at the Battle of Stoke and given a job in the Royal kitchens
The battle of Stoke Field
- Henry gathered advisors
- the two armies met at East Stoke near Newark
- Henry was not confident incase he got double crossed like Richard did
- Henrys army was led successfully by the Earl Of Oxford
- Earl of Lincoln (John de la pole) was killed in battle
- Henry was victorious
Why was Henry’s victory at Stoke Field significant?
• it was this battle that brought an end to the war of the roses
• Henry’s position became safer
What are bonds of good behaviour?
When giving bonds to landowners, Henry recognised himself as owing the lump sum stated. The sum did not have to paid back as long as there was good behaviour
Threats of Lambert Simnel’s rebellion:
• strong leadership- provided a figurehead for yorkists
• The presence of Lovell and Lincoln gave the rebellion status
• strategy was the land in the north and gain support then march to london. When the the march faded they planned to engage the king in a battle
In which ways was the Lambert Simnel rebellion not a threat?
• they failed to get support of the gentry
• failed to gain widespread English support - majority of it was foreign military support
• Henry made no attempt to negotiate with the rebels and raised an army
The threat of Perkin Warbeck?
• began to impersonate Richard Duke of York 1491 at french court of Charles VIII
• trained by Margaret of Burgundy as a potential yorkist prince
• fled to scottish court after first attempt to land in england failed
• his final attempt was in 1497 as he exploited the uncertainties of the cornish rebellion
• this failed and he surrendered, was allowed in court but then placed in the tower when he tried to escape
How did Henry remove Warbeck from Scottish court?
He offered James IV to marry his daughter Margaret.
Who was Warbeck executed alongside?
The Earl of Warwick as they both tried to escape the tower.
Why was it convenient for Henry to execute the Earl of Warwick in 1497?
He was the most obvious Yorkist claimant to the throne
How Warbeck’s rebellion was threatening..
• Was 25 years older than Simnel and looked more the part of a Yorkist prince
• It was likely Margaret of Burgundy was central to the rebellion
• Henry had poor relations with France and Scotland at the time and both countries used Warbeck to put pressure on Henry - they made invasions possible and prolonged the threat
