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Tudors A-Level > HVII Society > Flashcards

HVII Society Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

What medieval system was the structure of 15th Century society based on?

A

The feudal System

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2
Q

Who was at the top of the feudal system under the monarch?

A
  • Great landowners
  • Senior churchman
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3
Q

Who was at the bottom of the system under the monarch?

A

Those who worked on behalf of great landowners and senior churchmen

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4
Q

Who did society see a growth of in London and major provincial cities like Norwich and Bristol?

A

Professional and mercantile bourgeoisie

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5
Q

What did the economic pressures from the Black Death increase?

A

Social mobility

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6
Q

How did members of the upper class conservatives react to increasing social mobility?

A

They were horrified by it and tried to uphold traditional values through sumptuary laws

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7
Q

Who dominated land ownership?

A

The nobility. Also known as peerage

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8
Q

What were the five ranks of the aristocracy?

A

Duke, marquis, earl, viscount, and baron

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9
Q

Who usually held one of the five ranks of aristocracy?

A

Considerable landowners who exercised considerable power in their localities. Most were members of the House of Lords

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10
Q

How did you acquire a place in peerage?

A

By buying or gaining the kings favour once a peerage family dies out

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11
Q

Why did the crown rely on noble families?

A

For the maintenance of law and order in the countryside

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12
Q

Why was Henry VII reluctant to create new peerage titles?

A

Because he did not trust the nobility as a class

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13
Q

Who did Henry trust from the nobility?

A

Lancastrian military commanders such as the Earl of Oxford and Lord Daubeney

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14
Q

How did Henry view the Earl of Northumberland?

A
  • He never really trusted him
  • but relied on him to control the northeast on behalf of the crown
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15
Q

How did Henry control the nobility?

A

Through the use of bonds and recognisances

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16
Q

What was the main way that nobles gained their power?

A

Bastard feudalism/retaining

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17
Q

Why did Henry limit the military power of nobles and how?

A

He thought they could use their retained men to bring unlawful influence on others in a court case or use them against the crown. He limited them by passing laws against retaining

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18
Q

What was Henry still conscious of when passing laws against retaining?

A

Loyal retainers were essential to maintain crown security

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19
Q

When were the acts against nobles abusing the retaining system passed ?

A

1487 and 1504

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20
Q

An example of a noble who abused the retaining system:

A

Lord Bergavenny

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21
Q

What was Lord Bergavenny’s punishment for abusing the retaining system?

A

He was fined £100,000 for illegal retaining

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22
Q

What different limits were placed on retaining during the reign of HVII?

A
  • 1486 peers and MP’s obliged to take oath against illegal retaining
  • 1487 law against retaining established
  • 1504 reinforce 1487 law by making licenses for retaining available
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23
Q

Where were the gentry within the feudal system?

A

Directly below the nobility

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24
Q

Who were classed as gentry?

A

Great landowners

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25
What did the most important members of the gentry seek out?
Knighthoods as confirmation of their social status
26
How many knights were there in 1490?
375
27
What was the job of a knight?
- Originally military obligations - expected to assist in administration of localities
28
How much land did Peers and knights own?
15-20% of the land in the country
29
What was the cost of a knighthood?
paying a feudal due
30
Why was the Church hugely important in Tudor society?
- for its spiritual role - it is a great landowner
31
Did the social status of the clergy vary?
Yes, enormously
32
What was the job of a curate within the church?
To help maintain and run the church
33
What was the job of a chantry priest?
They said prayers or hymns for the dead
34
Who were at the lower level of the clergy?
Curates and Chantry priests
35
What were curates or chantry priests rewarded for?
Dealing with the spiritual needs of ordinary people
36
Who were of higher importance within the clergy?
Bishops and abbots
37
What privileges did Bishops and abbots get?
- A seat in the house of lords - Given political roles to undertake
38
What did Pope Martin V declare about King HVII?
That it was he who governed the Church in England rather than the Pope
39
How did Henry use the power the Pope granted him?
He used it to appoint only legally trained men as bishops, whose administrative competence was of more value than their spirituality
40
Who did Henry appoint as Bishops for their administrative competence?
John Morton and Richard Fox
41
What are cardinals?
Senior churchmen and elected popes
42
What are Archbishops?
Senior churchmen in each country
43
What are Bishops?
regional leaders of the church
44
What are parish priests?
Ministered to the congregation, special rights separated them from the laity
45
Who were the commoners?
Those below the clergy
46
Who were at the top of the commoners?
the bourgeoisie, also known as the ‘middling sort’
47
Who were lower down within the commoners?
shopkeepers and skilled tradesmen, they worked in borough corporations and guilds
48
What roles did the bourgeoisie play?
- educated professionals - lawyers - wealthier merchants
49
Who were the middling sort in the countryside?
Yeoman Farmers
50
What did Yeoman Farmers do?
They farmed substantial properties for an increasingly sophisticated market economy
51
How did Yeoman farmers come about?
Because of a decline in population due to the black death and a drop in land values, the so called ‘peasant aristocracy’ emerged. Also called Yeoman
52
Who were below Yeomen?
Husbandmen
53
What were the roles of husbandmen?
They kept smaller farms and supplemented their farming income by working for the gentry
54
What category can yeoman and husbandmen be put into?
Peasantry
55
What regional differences did England face?
A divide between the north/west and the south/east
56
Why was there a regional divide within England?
The North and West were mainly pastoral farming and the South and East was mixed farming
57
Why did Londoners look down on northerners?
Because of their perceived savagery
58
Why were northerners envious of the south?
For their riches
59
When did Real Wages begin to increase?
In the 1490’s
60
When did living conditions for the poor start to improve?
During the second half of the 15th century
61
Was there much social discontent in the early years of the Tudor period?
No, not much
62
What crisis did England avoid which other countries did not?
A subsistence crisis
63
What two rebellions took place during the reign of HVII?
- Yorkshire Rebellion - The Cornish Rebellion
64
What triggered both the Cornish and Yorkshire rebellion?
Taxation
65
What type of taxation sparked the Yorkshire rebellion?
Taxation granted by parliament to fund involvement of English forces in Brittany
66
When did the Yorkshire Rebellion take place?
1489
67
Who was sent to collect the subsidy tax in Yorkshire?
The Earl of Northumberland
68
Why did the Yorkshire rebellion become notorious?
Because the Earl of Northumberland was murdered
69
Why was the Yorkshire rebellion harmless to Henry?
It was nothing more than a protest, never escalated beyond the gathering of large crowds
70
Why did the people of Yorkshire resent the taxation?
- They were not at risk of invasion from the French - They were a poor county - They had a recent bad harvest before the tax was imposed
71
Why was the government apprehensive about the Yorkshire rebellion?
It was the power base of Richard III and occurred early on in HVII’s reign
72
What was Henry’s response to the Yorkshire rebellion?
To send a large army north under the Earl of Surrey
73
What type of taxation sparked the Cornish rebellion?
Extraordinary revenue to finance the campaign against scotland
74
When was the Cornish rebellion?
1497
75
How was Cornwall incredibly independent?
- Had its own language - Had its own parliament
76
What was the name of the parliament in Cornwall?
The Stannary
77
Why did the people of Cornwall resent paying the tax?
Because it was an issue that had little to do with them
78
Why was the Cornish rebellion more serious than the Yorkshire rebellion?
Because it coincided with Warbeck’s rebellion
79
Who was the Cornish rebellion led by?
Lord Audley, a local lawyer named Thomas Flamank, Michael the Blacksmith
80
Where did the rebels of the Cornish rebellion and Henry meet?
Blackheath on 14th June 1497
81
Who did the Cornish rebels gain the support of?
The local nobility, gentry, and clergy
82
Why was Henry at a disadvantage as the rebels from cornwall began to march to London?
Most of his royal army was in the north defending the rebellion of Warbeck
83
What were the consequences of the Cornish rebellion?
The leaders were executed and the bulk of the rebels were treated with conspicuous leniency
84
Did both the Cornish and Yorkshire rebellions succeed? Why?
Yes although they were defeated, they never got taxed
85
How many Cornish rebels were there?
15-40,000

Tudors A-Level (26 decks)

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