HY Images Flashcards
(255 cards)
1
Q
What’s the dx?
A
Toxoplasmosis- ring enhancing lesions
Causal parasite: Toxoplasma gondii
AIDS defining illness
- Tx: TMP-SMX
2
Q
What’s the Dx?
A
Cleft lip and palate- nasal and maxillary prominences
- Multifactorial inheritance
3
Q
Pt presents with white thick vaginal discharge,
What’s the Dx?
A
Candida
- hyphae, buds, pseudohyphae
4
Q
What’s the Dx?
A
Esophageal varices
- Leads to portal HTN
5
Q
What’s the dx?
A
Abnormality X will cause ataxic limb movements. Something to do with cerebellar vessels, probably related to telangiectasis or the Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
6
Q
What’s the Dx?
A
Infantile hemangioma
Grows then regresses
7
Q
What’s the Dx?
A
Actinic keratosis. Prevent with sunscreen.
Can progress to SCC.
8
Q
What’s the Dx?
A
Neurofibramatosis (NF-1, chromosome 17 defect)
Image shows cafe au lai spots
9
Q
What’s the Dx?
A
Angiofibroma, case of Tuberous Sclerosis
*Ash leaf spots are also spotted
10
Q
What is this?
A
Gap junctions, connects cells between each other
11
Q
What’s the dx?
A
Aplastic anemia
Image shows fat in the bone marrow, results in pancytopenia.
12
Q
What’s the Dx?
A
Asbestosis
* Leads to bronchogenic carcinoma > mesothelioma
13
Q
What’s the Dx?
A
Pulmonary infarct
14
Q
What’s the Dx?
A
HPV Wart (thickened stratum cornea and epidermis and vacuolated squamous cells.
HPV 6 and 11 most common strains that cause this presentation.
Atypical cells are koliocytes.
15
Q
What’s the Dx?
A
CMV infection
Image shows owl eyes.
16
Q
What’s the Dx?
A
Renal infarct
-Image shows a pale infarct.
17
Q
What’s the Dx?
A
Alzheimer’s disease, symptoms of dementia in the hx.
Image shoes AB amyloid plaques ‘Tau tangles’
18
Q
What’s the Dx?
A
Horseshoe kidney. Associated with Turners syndrome. Virtually asymptomatic with normal renal function.
Inferior mesenteric artery is obstructed.
19
Q
What’s the Dx?
A
PSGN
- hypercellular image, hx of a child with nephritic syndrome weeks after strep infection.
20
Q
What is the arrow pointing at?
A
Opening into parotid duct gland
21
Q
What’s the Dx?
A
Pneumocystis Jirovecii
- causes oneumonia
- disc shaped, silver stain, HIV hx
22
Q
What’s the Dx?
A
Pernicious Anemia
23
Q
What’s the Dx?
A
Infectious mononucleosis
24
Q
What nerve is injured at the X?
A
Common Peroneal nerve, dorsiflexion of the foot is impaired
25
Girl with chronic renal insufficiency, what is the cause of insufficiency?
What's the Dx?
Vesicoureteral reflux
26
What's the Dx?
Psoriasis
Image shows hyperplasia of epidermis
27
What's the Dx?
Enterobius Vermicularis pinworm.
Dx through cellophane tape test from perirectal region
Tx is mebendazole
28
What's the Dx?
Cystic fibrosis
Image shows bronchiectasis.
29
What's the Dx?
Cryptococcus neoformans
30
What's the Dx?
Lenticulostriate artery hemorrhage
31
What's the arrow pointing at?
Medial Meniscus
32
What's the Dx?
Multiple myeloma
33
What's the Dx?
Neusseria gonorrhoeae
34
What's the Dx?
3rd degree AV block
35
What's the Dx?
Intraluminal mass in transverse colon
Most likely adenocarcinoma.
Also looks like adenoma
36
What's the Dx?
Macular degeneration
37
What's the Dx?
Trichophyton rubrum -> tinea pedis -> treat by miconazole
38
What's the Dx?
RCC
39
What's the Dx?
CMV
40
What's the Dx? What is affected?
Lobar pneumonia, affects primary function of lung tissue
41
What's the Dx?
PSGN
42
What's the Dx?
Right ureteral obstruction
43
What's the Dx?
Metastasis to the liver
44
What's the Dx?
Bukitt lymphoma
45
What's the Dx?
Subdural hematoma
46
What's the Dx?
Staghorn calculus
47
3 year old child's hx, what is the arrow pointing at?
What's the Dx?
Thymus
Dx is Wilms tumor
48
What's the Dx?
Osteomyelitis of the right thumb -> affects flexor policis longuss tendon
49
What nerve is injured?
Axillary nerve (C5-C6)
50
What's the Dx?
Pinealoma
51
What's the Dx?
HHV-8 in HIV (lesion biopsy from forehead lesion)
52
What's the Dx?
Cutaneous Sarcoidosis manifestation. Vignette gives you hilarious lymphadenopathy.
53
What is shown?
Granulomatous inflammation
54
What's the arrow pointing at?
Gap junctions
55
What lab will show earliest response after treatment for this?
Reticulocyte count
56
What's the Dx?
Hand foot mouth disease, caused by Coxackie virus
57
What's the Dx?
Pottery syndrome
58
What's the Dx?
Crohns disease
59
What's the Dx?
Atrial flutter
60
What's the Dx?
Bronchiectasis
Look for Psedomonas aeruginosa
61
What's the Dx?
Emphysema
62
What's the Dx?
Monochorionic monoamniotic
63
What's the Dx?
Gastrinoma
Image shows a mass from the head of pancreas
64
Autopsy of 69 year old
What's the Dx?
Ureteral obstruction
65
What's the Dx?
Nodular glomerulosclerosis seen in Diabetics
66
What's the Dx?
Esophageal adenocarcinoma
67
What's the Dx?
Crohn's disease
68
What's the Dx?
LV hypertrophy caused by systemic HTN
69
What kind of necrosis is this?
Coagulative necrosis
70
What's the Dx?
Malaria
71
Man with bleeding gums, loose teeth, bruises on legs.
What's the Dx?
Vitamin C deficiency. Problem with collagen synthesis.
72
What is shown?
Invasion of submucosa and muscular layer by malignant neoplasm in colon.
73
What's the Dx?
Epidural hematoma
74
What is shown here?
Molluscum bodies
Caused by the Poxvirus
75
What is shown here?
Papilledema
76
What's the Dx?
Midshaft fracture, damage to the radial nerve
77
What's the Dx?
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
- Primordial germ cell migration defect
78
What's the Dx?
Parvovirus B19
Image from the bone marrow.
79
What's the Dx?
Left Pneumothorax
80
What's the Dx?
NRDS
81
What's the Dx?
Membranous nephropathy
- spike and dome appearance
82
What is occurring here?
Ossification of MCL
83
What's the Dx?
Molluscum Contagiosum
84
What deficit would this cause?
Hearing loss
85
What's the Dx?
Complete Hydatidiform mole
- risk of choriocarcinoma
86
What's the Dx?
Acute Pyelonephritis
87
What's the organism?
Strep pneumonia
88
What's the Dx?
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
89
What's the Dx?
Urothelial cancer
90
What's the Dx?
Oral thrush caused by candida
91
What's the Dx?
Kernicterus from unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
92
What's the Dx?
External Hemorrhoids
- question mentions patient feels pain
93
What's the organism?
Coccidiodes immitis
94
What's the Dx?
Subdural hematoma
95
What's the Dx?
Liver cirrhosis
96
What's the Dx?
Lyme disease and Leptospirosis
- Spirochete infections
97
What organ is damaged?
Spleen
98
What valve is indicated?
Tricuspid
99
What's the Dx?
Chancre syphilis
100
What's the defect?
Fibrillar collagen synthesis
101
What's the Dx?
Neisseria Meningitidis/gonorrhea
102
What's the Dx?
Uterine Leiomyoma
- irregular enlarged uterus
103
What's the defect?
Malroation
- ladd bands
104
What's the Dx?
RCC
- from PCT
- hematuria, flank pain, smoker
105
What's the Dx?
Cutaneous larva migraines -> Ancylostoma sp, Nexator americanus (hookworms)
- barefoot hookworm
- anemia, fatigue
106
What's the organism?
Crytococcus
- AIDS defining organism
- image shows capsule
107
What's the Dx?
SLE
108
What's the Dx?
Squamous cell carcinoma
- image of a lesion of the vocal chords
109
What's the Dx?
Chronic Graft rejection
- image showing fibrosis and thickening
110
What's the Dx?
Perforated viscus causing a pneumoperitoneum
111
1 wk hx of fever, conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, and fever
What's the Dx?
Kawasaki disease or mucocutaneoux lymph node syndrome
112
What's the Dx?
Chest tube inserted through serrates anterior
- C5,C6, C7 -> winged scapula
113
What's the Dx?
Scleroderma/CREST syndrome
- pulmonary HTN develops
- don't give phenylephrine because of Raynaud phenomenon
- calcinosis, esophageal dysmotility, sucrodactyly, telangiectasias
113
What's the Dx?
Vascular malformations (Arteriovenous malformations)
- tangle of blood vessels
114
What's the defect?
Malformation of paramesonephric ducts
- Dx: Unicornuate uterus (1 side)
115
Gram positive rods in a pregnant woman:
What's the organism?
Listeria
116
What's the Dx?
Multiple Myeloma
- back pain
- anemia
- hypercalcemia
- plasma cells
- increased in Ig
117
What's the Dx?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Berry aneurysm
118
What's the Dx?
Paraganglioma
-? in bifurcation of carotid arteries
119
What's the organism?
Pneumocystis Jirovecii
- CD4 < 200
- silver stain
120
What's the Dx?
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
IgA at tips of papilla in Celiac Disease
121
What's the Dx?
Sickle Cell Disease
122
What's the Dx?
Contact Dermatitis
- type 4 HS, T cell mediated
123
What's the Dx?
Multiple Myeloma
- Rouleaux formation
124
What is occurring here?
Action of pancreatic enzymes on adipose tissue
- enzymatic fat necrosis
125
What's the Dx?
Ectopic Pregnancy
- adnexal mass
- increase in hCG
126
What's the Dx?
External hemorrhoid picture (with thrombosis)
- itchy butt, blood, external, veins
127
What's the Dx?
Hydronephrosis
128
What's the organism?
Schistosome mansioni
- Portal HTN of the liver
- eosinophils, IgE
129
What's the organism?
Candida (budding)
130
What's the Dx?
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
- polyps and hamartomas
131
What is shown here?
Testicular Atrophy
- Seen in Klinefelter Syndrome: XXY
132
What's the organism?
Cryptococcus
- thick capsule
133
What's the Dx?
Epidural Hematoma
- middle meningeal artery
- hx of trauma
- lens shape
134
What's the Dx?
Asbestosis
- these show ferruginous bodies react with alveolar macrophages
- increased risk for bronchogenic carcinoma and mesothelioma
135
What's the Dx?
Congenital Diaphragmatic hernia
- incomplete formation of pleuroperitoneal membrane
136
What's the Dx?
Actinic Keratosis
137
Baby GIRL presenting with hydronephrosis:
What's the Dx?
Congenital Ureteral obstruction
138
What's the Dx?
HSV-2
- recurrent
- latent -> dynein retrograde to brain
139
What nerve is injured?
Inferior alveolar nerve
140
What's the Dx?
Myxoma in left atrium
141
What's the Dx?
Valvulus (twisting)
- image shows strangulation
142
What's the Dx?
Gout
- look at the crystal in the middle there
143
Baby BOY presenting with hydronephrosis.
What's the Dx?
Posterior urethral valves.
Image shows Diffuse cortical necrosis, vignette goes with tubular atrophy.
144
What's the Dx?
Amyloid infiltration in the heart
145
What's the organism?
Ancyclostoma/Necator
Vignette will mention patient is barefoot, expect to see microcytic anemia.
146
What's the Dx?
Kaposi Sarcoma
- HHV8 and AIDS
147
What's the Dx?
Parkinsons Disease
- substantial nigra, decrease in dopamine, resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity
148
What's the Dx?
Osler-Weber- Rendu Syndrome
- AV malformation and nosebleeds
149
What is shown here?
Granuloma
150
What's the Dx?
Pelvic Ulcer Disease
-Causal agent: H. Pylori
151
What's the Dx?
Herpes
152
What's the Dx?
Gout
- image showing tophi
153
What's the Dx?
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
- Lots of polyps!
- APC gene
154
What's the Dx?
Cholesterol Emboli
155
What's the Dx?
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- defect in type 1 collagen
- blue sclera
- problem with scar formation
156
What's the Dx?
Meningioma
157
Where is the tumor located?
Rectus femoris muscle
158
Old patient who smokes
What's the Dx?
Urothelial carcinoma
159
What's the Dx?
Portal HTN
Organism is Schistosoma Mansoni
160
What's the Dx?
Infantile hemangioma
- grows then regresses
161
What's the Dx?
Chondrosarcoma
162
What's the Dx?
Diverticulitis
- LLQ pain, vasa recta
163
What's the Dx?
Squamous cell carcinoma
- centrally located, risk factors smoker
164
What's the organism?
Giardia Lamblia
- pear shaped, fatty stool, hikers, campers, metronidazole
165
What's the Dx?
PCOS
- hirsutism, irregular periods
166
What's the Dx?
Actinic Keratosis
- rough, increase risk for squamous cell carcinoma
167
What's the Dx?
Trichotillomania
- pulling out hair, different lengths
168
What's the Dx?
what vessel is affected?
Avascular Necrosis
- medial circumflex artery
169
What's the Dx?
Cleft lip/ palate
- failure of fusion of maxillary and medial nasal prominences
- associated with trisomy 13 Patau syndrome
170
What's the Dx?
ADPKD
- palpable kidneys, hematuria, SAH
171
What's the Dx?
Jejunal intussusception
- arrow pointing to telescoping
172
What's the Dx?
Vescicouteric Reflux can lead to reflux nephropathy, which is characterized by chronic tubulointerstitial inflammation
173
What's the vector?
Reduviid bug
- Image is Trypanosoma Cruz
- causes megacolon, megaesophagus
174
What's the Dx?
How does it occur?
Pott's fracture, from forced eversion
175
What's the Dx?
Scabies
176
What's the organism?
Bed bugs
- serves as a carrier for MRSA
177
What's the Dx?
Metastasis to the liver
- image shows multiple lesions
178
What's the Dx?
Staghorn calculi
- proteus infection
- increase pH of the urine
- urease positive
179
What's the Dx?
Fibromuscular dysplasia
180
What's the Dx?
Capillary Hemangioma
- dilated blood vessels
181
What's the Dx?
Ganglion Cyst
- Painless transilluminating mass
- resolves on its own
182
What's is impaired?
Impaired depression, adduction, and extorsion of the eye
- image shows entrapment of the inferior rectus muscle
- innervated by CN3 occulomotor
183
What's the Dx?
Malaria
- puts you at great risk for hypoglycemia because of gluconeogenesis impairment and glucose consumption
184
What's the Dx?
Seminoma
- germ cell tumor, PLAP positive, fried egg appearance
185
What's the Dx?
Monosodium urate crystals
- needle shaped, negative bifridgent
186
What is shown?
Granulation tissue
187
What's the Dx?
Niacin deficiency
- 3 D's: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
188
What's the Dx?
Aphthous ulcers
- caused by stress and IBD
189
What's the Dx?
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (Crescent sign)
- AAA: smokers, male, aortic stenosis
190
What's the organism?
Cryptococcus
- thick capsule
- india ink, mucicamine
191
What's the Dx?
Lunate dislocation
- seen in carpel tunnel
192
What's the organism?
Strongyloides infection
193
What is the paraneoplastic syndrome the image?
Where does it metastasis toward?
- Metastasis to the brain
- paraneoplastic: Polycythemia and hypercalcemia
194
What's the Dx?
- Osteoporosis
- imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts because of increase in IL-1 (Osteoclast activating factor)
195
What's the Dx?
Acoustic Neuroma
- compressing location B
- A- inferior cerebellar. peduncle
- C and D is medial longitudinal fascicles
- E and F is Pyramidal tract decussation
196
Patient undergoing Chemo therapy, IC, narrow based budding, bright red capsule stained with mucicarmine stain or Acid-Schiff stain?
What the organism?x
Cryptococcus Neoformans
197
What's the arrow pointing at?
Medial border of direct inguinal hernia formed by Rectus Abdominis muscle
198
What does CMV and Hodgkin's lymphoma have in common have on histology?
Owl Eye appearance
199
Where does allopurinol act?
G- Xanthine Oxidase/ Xanthine Oxidoreductase/ Xantine Dehydrogenase
200
Young boy with microcytic anemia and target cells,
What's the Dx?
Beta thalassemia major- beta global mutation
201
Patient with Chronic Hep B, What's the Dx?
Mixed cryoglobilinemia (triad of arthralgias, palpable purpura, and peripheral neuropathy)
- increased amount of cryoglobulin C
202
History of staph infection taking TMP-SMX.
What's the Dx?
Morbilliform rash
- not itchy, from adverse drug reaction
203
History of acute viral hepatitis/yellor fever, what is being shown and how does it occur?
Apoptosis of hepatocytes via extrinsic apoptotic pathway- ballooning hepatocytes and Councilman bodies seen on histology.
204
What's the Dx?
What is the tx?
Malaria infection treated with Chloroquine and Primaquine, primaquine kills exoerythrocytic phase of disease (Hypnozoites (Vivax and ovale)
205
Patient with loss of motor and sensory sensation from left lower extremities, where is the lesion?
G
206
What's the Dx?
Acute pyelonephritis; vignette can mention pregnant woman, UTI spreading retrograde to kidney. Histology shows lymphocytic infiltrates seen inside tubules.
207
What's the Dx?
Multiple scleosis
- image shows white matter hyper intensities with Periventricular lesions
208
What is the common cause of death shown here?
Proximal coronary artery dilation
- Dx: Kawasaki disease (Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome)
- Hx of high grade fever, rash
209
Patient with Crohn's disease, treated with monoclonal antibody targeted against TNF-alpha. What can it cause?
Reactivation of TB
210
What's the Dx? Where is the defect?
Dx: Zenker diverticulum
- defect in the cricopharyngeal and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
211
Young boy with Duplex Collecting system- ureter obstruction, what is the complication?
Recurrent UTI
212
What would you see on physical exam?
Cerebral infarction- location on left (Myelin stains black)- upper motor symptoms on right side of(contralateral) - spastic hemiparesis on right side
213
What is the organism?
Actinomyces Israeli
- gram positive branching filamentous rod, resembles fungi but is not, is a component of oral flora
214
What is happening here?
Leukemoid reaction
215
What's the Dx?
Osteoporosis
216
What would cause hypoxemia?
Pulmonary arterial blood traversing poorly aerated alveoli.
- Image of community acquired bacterial pneumonia
217
What are the risk factors?
Smoking is the biggest risk factor, meds like phenacetin, cyclophosphamide, and 2-napthylamine
- Common in the urinary tract, renal collecting tubules, pelvis, calyxes, urethra, or bladder because of similar embryologic origin and same epithelium.
- image of papillary transitional cell carcinoma
218
Where does it drain?
Para aortic (lumbar lymph nodes
- image of testicular carcinoma
219
What's the Dx?
Immune thrombocytopenia purpura
220
What's the Dx?
Malassezia furfur
221
What is the image indicating?
Aortice valve
222
What's the Dx?
Protease inhibitor deficiency -> alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, inherited mutations in SERPINA1 gene
223
What are the options pointing at?
A- subcutaneous fat
B- anterior aspect of medial femoral condyle
C- Patellar ligament
D- anterior cruciate ligament
E- posterior cruciate ligament
224
What enzyme is inhibited?
Ferrochelatase
- image shows basophilic stripping and ringed sideroblast within bone marrow. Case of lead poisoning.
225
What is being shown here?
Perforated duodenal ulcer -> air under diaphragm (pneumoperitoneum)
226
What's the Dx?
Squamous cell carcinoma
- left shows central cavitation
- histo shows polygonal cells with intercellular bridges, eosinophilic cytoplasm and keratin petals and extensive necrosis
227
What is the causal organism?
Group A Strep
- image shows inflammation causing fibrosis and calcification of heart valves (mitral), seen in Rheumatic heart disease/ acute rheumatic fever
228
What's the Dx?
HIV encephalopathy
- Image shows microglial nodules with multinucleate giant cells
229
What's the Dx?
Esophageal varices
- increase risk of portal HTN
- gross image shows dilated esophagus and hits shows dilated submucosal venous plexus
230
What's the Dx?
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
231
Pt present with itchy rash,
What's the Dx?
Pityriasis rosea
232
Pt presents with episodic headaches and hypertension. What is the location pointed at the arrow?
Adrenals
- dx is pheochromocytoma
233
Young boy with lytic bone lesions.
What's the Dx?
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
234
Enlarged lymph nodes, What's the Dx?
Follicular lymphoma
235
Whats the pulmonary finding?
Interstitial fibrosis
236
Reason for the spillage of contrast?
Normal
237
Where would you see a prolactinoma?
D
238
Teenager with interstitial pneumonia. Bone marrow transplant 2 moths ago. Decreased function of what predisposed to this condition?
T lymphocytes
- image shows basophilic nuclear inclusion bodies (CMV pneumonia)
239
Young males with left sided chest pain. What respiratory exam finding?
Decreased breath sounds on the left.
Dx: Tension pneumothorax
240
Recurrent painful blister. What transport established latent infection?
Retrograde transport, Dx: herpes.
241
Fluent speech but problems with grammar and understanding verbal comments. Where is the lesion?
H
242
Middle aged male with bloody diarrhea and cramps abdominal pain?
Ulcerative Collitis
243
Tense blisters. Function of the structure that is targeted by the antibody?
Attach keratinocyte to ECM
- Bullous pemphigoid; antibody against hemidesmosomes
244
Young female took antibiotics for acne and now presents with white vaginal discharge. MOA of tx?
Inhibition of CYT P450 demethylation reaction (fluconazole)
- Biopsy shows candida
245
Young adult male with abdominal pain and distention. What developmental anomaly?
Malrotation
- Left image shows air-fluid levels due to obstruction (caused by volvulus). second image shows small intestine only on right side.
246
Alcoholic with classic signs of cirrhosis. Arrow indicates a mass. Which vein will have high pressure?
Short gastric
Other options: Hepatic, phrenic, renal, supralrenal
247
Elderly female with anemia, cause?
GI blood loss
- image of iron deficiency anemia
248
Pt with SLE. What other condition has similar hypersensitivity?
Serum Sickness
- Type 3 HS
249
What are the arrows composed of?
A-Synuclein
Dx: Parkinsons
250
What are the crystal made of?
Sodium monourate
Classic Gout, presents with joint pain
251
What is the arrow?
Tubocurarine
252
Kid with nasal polyps and bronchospasm after taking what drug?
Aspirin
253
Middle aged woman with easy bruising after a viral infection. What's the dx?
Immune thrombocytopenia purpura
- Peripheral destruction of platelets
- image shows increase megakaryocytic on biopsy
254
What's the dx?
AML
- image shows auer rods in the image
