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immune system > Hypersensitivity- type I > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity- type I Flashcards

1
Q

What is type I hypersensitivity?

A

Allergy

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2
Q

How quickly does type I hypersensitivity occur?

A

Immediate

Less than 30 mins

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3
Q

What is an example of a local reaction type I hypersensitivity?

A

Ingested or inhaled allergens

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4
Q

What is a systemic type I hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Insect sting or IV administration

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5
Q

What are the antigens in type I hypersensitivity?

A

Environmental

Non- infectious antigens

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6
Q

What are domes examples of allergens in type I hypersensitivity?

A 
Tree and grass pollen 
House Dust mite
Animal dander 
Fungal spores
Insect venom 
Medicines 
Chemicals like latex 
Foods
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7
Q

What are the mechanisms that type I hypersensitivity uses?

A

Abnormal adaptive Immune response against the allergens e.g. T helper 2 response, IGE production
Mast cell activation- sensitised Individuals

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8
Q

Who is more at risk to allergies, developing countries or westernised countries?

A

Westernised as:
Smaller family, urban homes, intestinal microflora stable, high antibiotic use, low or absent helminth burger, good sanitation low orofaecal burden

TH2 response

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9
Q

Should children be exposed to microbes?

A

Yes as protected against allergic disease

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10
Q

What is the most serious type of allergy?

A

Anaphylaxis

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11
Q

Why wouldn’t a man stung by a bee have died the first time but did die the second?

A

Sensitised

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12
Q

What is dysbiosis?

A

Compositional and functional alterations of microbiome

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13
Q

What is microbiome?

A

The complete genetic content of all the microorganisms that typically inhabit in the body such as skin or gastrointestinal tract

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14
Q

What is the therapy for type I hypersensitivity?

A

TH2 response- allergen desensitisation
IGE- anti IGE monoclonal antibody
Anti histamine, leukotriene receptor antagonists, corticosteroids

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15
Q

What is immunotherapy?

A

Administaryionof increasing doses of allergen extracts over a period of years by injection or drops or tablets under the tongue

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16
Q

What are the potential mechanisms of immunotherapy?

A

CD4+CD25 Regulatory T cells
Shift from TH2 to TH1
Inhibitory anti-inflammatory cytokines Allergen specific blocking IgG

17
Q

Is there a genetic part to allergy?

A

Yes

18
Q

What do children in large families have lower risk of?

A

Hay fever and eczema

19
Q

What does upper respiratory tract infection protect against?

A

Allergic sensitisation and asthma in later life

20
Q

Shou,d you get your child a pet?

A

Yes as less likely to develop asthma

21
Q

What does western life cause to mucosal surfaces?

A

Alteration of the symbiotic relationship with parasites and bacteria leading to dysbiosis of the microbiome at mucosal surfaces

22
Q

What will alteration of your normal flora?

A

More likely to get allergies

23
Q

What can cause loss of microbiota diversity?

A

C section by x8
City
Antibiotics
Food

24
Q

What do mast cells release?

A

Histamine
Trytase
Leukotrienes
Platelet activating factor

25
Q

What kind of mechanism does a mast cells have?

A

IGE dependant

26
Q

What is important in division of mast cells?

A

Stem cell factor

27
Q

Where are mast cells?

A

Mucosal and epithelial tissues e.g. GI tract, skin, respiratory epithelium
Connective tissue surrounding blood cells

28
Q

What is a trigger to activate mast cells?

A

Cross linking IGE

29
Q

What can mast cell degranulation cause?

A

Increased vascular permeability
Vasodilation
Bronchial constriction

30
Q

What is the skin manifestation of allergic reactions?

A

Within epidermis is urticaria

31
Q

What is deep dermis manifestation in allergy look like?

A

Angiodema

32
Q

What happens in anaphylaxis?

A 
Hypotension 
Cardiovascular collapse
Generalised urticaria 
Angioedema 
Breathing problems 
Many more

immune system (6 decks)

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