Hypertension Flashcards
(17 cards)
ACE Inhibitors
Block the enzymatic conversion of angiotensin 1 to 2.
Dry cough side effect as ACE also responsible for breaking down bradykinin in lungs.
ACE Inhibitors Example
Ramipril, captopril
ARBs
Block the angiotensin receptor in the smooth muscle (arteriole), vasoconstriction.
In adrenal gland, aldosterone production.
In posterior pituitary gland, ADH secretion.
ARB example
Losartan
Calcium Channel Blockers
Direct vasodilator.
Relaxes vascular smooth muscle decreasing total peripheral resistance.
Calcium Channel Blocker Example
Amlodipine
Beta blockers
Reduce heart rate and contractility
Beta blockers examples
Propranolol,
Atenolol
Alpha blockers
Prevents noradrenaline binding alpha 1 ARs.
Vasodilation reducing total peripheral resistance
Alpha blockers example
Prazosin
Thiazide like Diuretics Example
Bendroflumethiazide
Step 1 HT Treatment for Type 2 diabetic or someone less than 55 (not of black African or black Caribbean descent)
ACEi or ARB
Step 1 HT Treatment for someone over 55 or of black African or black Caribbean descent
Calcium channel blocker
Step 2 HT Treatment for Type 2 diabetic or someone less than 55 (not of black African or black Caribbean descent)
ACEi or ARB with CCB or thiazide like diuretic
Step 2 HT Treatment for someone over 55 or of black African or black Caribbean descent
CCB with (ACEi or ARB) or thiazide like diuretic
Step 3 HT Treatment for Anyone
(ACEi or ARB) with CCB with thiazide like diuretic
Step 4
Confirm resistant HT with ABPM or HBPM. Seek expert advice.
or add:
low dose spironolactone <4.5 mmol/L
beta blocker or alpha blocker >4.5mmol/L
depending on blood potassium level.
