Hypertension

Question 1

What are the parameters for normal, elevated,stage1, and stage 2 hypertension?

Answer 1

Normal <120 over <80, Elevated 120-129 over <80, Stage 1 130-139 over 80-89, Stage 2 140 or greater over 90 or greater

Question 2

What are some risk factors for hypertension?

Answer 2

Modifiable- smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet Nonmodifiable- CKD, family history, increased age, low socioeconomic/ educational status, male sex, obstructive sleep apnea, psychosocial stress

Question 3

What are some causes of secondary hypertension?

Answer 3

Renal-(glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, polycystic kidney disease), Pregnancy induced, Endocrine-(primary hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, hyperthyroidism, Cushing syndrome), Cardiovascular- (coarctation of the aorta, renal artery stenosis) Chemical/ medication- (amphetamines, corticosteroids, antidepressants, decongestants, NSAIDS, oral contraceptives)

Question 4

What are Non-Raas therapies for hypertension and what are their mechanism of action?

Answer 4

Diuretic- reduces Na+ reabsorption, Calcium channel blocker- changes blood flow resistance in arterioles and extraglomerular vessels, Beta blockers- reduce sympathetic nervous activity

Question 5

What are Raas therapies for hypertension and what are their mechanism of action?

Answer 5

Ace inhibitor- inhibits angiotensin II production, AT1 reception blocker- reduces angiotensin II from binding to AT 1 receptors, Direct renin inhibitor-inhibits activity of renin