Hypertension Flashcards
What is hypertension?
High blood pressure
>140/90
What is stage 1 hypertension?
> 140/90
What is stage 2 hypertension?
> 160/100
What is severe hypertension?
> 180 systolic
>110 diastolic
What is hypertension in renal or diabetic patients?
> 130/80
What is prehypertension?
Elevated BP below stage 1 with no signs of end organ damage
How is prehypertension managed?
Regular exercise Weight loss Reduce stress Smoking cessation Reduce sodium
What is primary hypertension?
Idiopathic - no cause
What is secondary hypertension?
Hypertension with an underlying cause
What can cause secondary hypertension?
Renal artery stenosis
Phaeochromocytoma
Cushing’s syndrome
Conn’s syndrome
What is malignant hypertension?
Severe hypertension (>200 systolic or >130 diastolic)
+
Bilateral retinal haemorrhages and exudates
What are the symptoms of malignant hypertension?
Headaches
Visual disturbances
What investigations are done for patients with hypertension?
Urine dip
- proteinuria = renal damage
Fundoscopy
- flame haemorrhages
- papilloedema
- retinopathy
Bloods
- FBC
- U+Es
Ultrasound - kidney + adrenals
What are complications of hypertension?
Renal damage Retinopathy IHD MI Stroke
How is hypertensive retinopathy staged?
Stage 1 = torturous arteries with thick walls
Stage 2 = AV nipping
Stage 3 = flame haemorrhages and cotton wool spots
Stage 4 = papilloedema
