Infective Endocarditis Flashcards
What is infective endocarditis?
Infection of a heart valve
What is the rule?
Fever + heart murmur = infective endocarditis until proven otherwise
What are the common organisms?
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus viridans
Haemophilus
What are risk factors for infective endocarditis?
Recent dental work
IV drug use
Valve replacments
What are the symptoms of infective endocarditis?
Fever
Rigors
Night sweats
What is the pneumonic for signs of infective endocarditis?
FROM JANE
What are the signs of infective endocarditis?
Fever Roths spots Osler's nodes Murmur Janeway lesions Anaemia Nail haemorrhage Emboli
What are Roth’s spots?
Red spots with white centre seen on retina in fundoscopy
What are Osler’s nodes?
Red/purple raised spots seen on fingers
What are Janeway lesions?
Painless palmar macules
What investigations should be done?
Blood cultures Urine dip Bloods ECG ECHO
What are the diagnostic criteria?
Duke’s criteria
2 major OR 1 major + 3 minor OR 5 minor
Major criteria
- positive blood culture - 2 blood cultures
- endocardium involved - positive echo
Minor criteria
- predisposition
- fever
- vascular signs
- positive blood culture
- positive echo
How is infective endocarditis managed?
4 weeks
- gentamicin
- benzylpenicillin
Specific treatment for specific bacteria
Valve replacement
