hypha

Question 1

hypha definition

Answer 1

long, branching filament that makes up the body of a fungus

Question 2

components of hypha

Answer 2

• apical-vesicular complex (AVC)
• cell wall
• septa
• cytoskeleton

Question 3

apical growth

Answer 3

stretching of cell wall to relieve the pressure → driven by osmotic pressure from uptake of nutrients / water behind the apex

Question 4

apical-vesicular complex

Answer 4

→ hyphal tip
- mass of vesicles (cell wall building blocks) surrounding the spitzenkörper (organiser where all microfilaments join up)
- have several mitochondria due to high energy demand

Question 5

cell wall components

Answer 5

• chitin microfibrils (amino sugar) packed with glucans (amorphous, branched glucose polymer)
• hyrophobins + other glycoproteins
• melanin

Question 6

cell-wall expansion

Answer 6

lytic enzymes bind to chitin to break the chain and different proteins bind to the gaps to reform → but chitin chains have been extended

Question 7

septa

Answer 7

→ modified in-growths of cell wall
- valves controlling flow of materials within the mycelium
- regulate passage of organelles, cytoplasm, nuclei

Question 8

simple pore septa

Answer 8

woronin body acts as a plug to septa

Question 9

dolipore septa

Answer 9

(not nuclei) septal plugging → close valve

Question 10

hyphal growth unit

Answer 10

total length of hyphae / total no. hyphae tips