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Neurology > hypothalamus and ANS > Flashcards

hypothalamus and ANS Flashcards

1
Q

a single structure found behind the eyes, divided into several distinct nuclei

A

hypothalamus

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2
Q

a collection of cell bodies of a nerve cell in the CNS

A

nucleus

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3
Q

collections of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS

A

nuclei

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4
Q

a collection of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS

A

ganglion

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5
Q

collections of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS

A

ganglia

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6
Q

major function of the hypothalamus. includes monitoring of blood glucose levels, water content, regulation of appetite, sleep, sexual behaviour, body temperature

A

maintaining homeostasis

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7
Q

via what structure does the hypothalamus link the nervous system to the endocrine system

A

pituitary gland

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8
Q

how does the hypothalamus affect the pituitary gland

A

controls the release of hormones

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9
Q

section of the hypothalamus involved in the regulation of daily rhythms of the body

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

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10
Q

the daily rhythms of the body

A

circadian rhythms

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11
Q

small endocrine gland in the brain. produces melatonin

A

pineal gland

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12
Q

a pea-sized gland that is housed within a bony structure at the base of the brain

A

pituitary

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13
Q

name for the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal cortex alliance

A

HPA axis

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14
Q

section of adrenal glands that produce cortisol and aldosterone

A

adrenal cortex

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15
Q

section of adrenal glands that produces adrenaline

A

adrenal medulla

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16
Q

when does the HPA stimulate the immune response and immunological memory

A

acute, short-term stress

17
Q

what nervous system is AKA the visceral nervous system

A

autonomic nervous system

18
Q

what system works with the ANS to control the secretion of hormones, controlled by the hypothalamus

A

endocrine system

19
Q

nerve cell bodies in the brain stem and sacral region of the spinal cord

A

PANS nerve cell bodies

20
Q

What nerve carries most of the PANS signals

A

CN10 (vagus nerve)

21
Q

which ganglionic fibres are long

A

preganglionic

22
Q

which ganglionic fibres are short

A

postganglionic

23
Q

where does all sympathetic nervous system outflow move through

A

T1-L2 cell bodies in the lateral horn

24
Q

aka for solar plexus

A

celiac ganglion

25
Q

one of three prevertebral ganglia situated behind the stomach and supply the organs in the abdomen

A

solar plexus

26
Q

what are the three prevertebral ganglia

A

celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric

27
Q

Effector. SYNS: secretion of adrenaline. PANS: no known effect

A

adrenal medulla

28
Q

Effector. SYNS: increases sweating. PANS: no known effect

A

sudoriferous gland

29
Q

Effector. SYNS: glycogenolysis, decreased bile secretion. PANS: glycogen synthesis, increased bile secretion.

A

liver

30
Q

Effector. SYNS: dilation of pupils. PANS: constriction of pupils

A

iris

31
Q

Effector. SYNS: relaxation->airway dilation. PANS: contraction->airway constriction

A

bronchial smooth muscle

32
Q

Effector. SYNS: decreased motility and tone, contraction of sphincters. PANS: increased motility and tone, relaxation of sphincters

A

stomach and intestines

33
Q

Effector. SYNS: discharge of stored blood into general circulation. PANS: no known effect.

A

spleen

34
Q

Effector. SYNS: relaxation of muscular wall, contraction of sphincter. PANS: contraction of muscular wall, relaxation of sphincter.

A

urinary bladder

35
Q

Effector. SYNS: contraction->erection of hairs. PANS: no known effect

A

arrector pili muscle

36
Q

Effector. SYNS: ejaculation. PANS: erection.

A

sex organs

37
Q

ANS disorder that occurs when the nerves that control involuntary bodily functions are damaged

A

autonomic neuropathy

38
Q

ANS disorder that is a paroxysmal condition marked by a slow pulse, fall in blood pressure, and sometimes convulsion

A

vasavagal syncope

39
Q

term meaning “seizure”

A

paroxysm

Neurology (11 decks)

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