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Neurology > introduction to the brain > Flashcards

introduction to the brain Flashcards

1
Q

what percentage of the body is made up by the brain

A

2%

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2
Q

how much of the body’s oxygen and calories are taken by the brain

A

20%

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3
Q

the largest portion of the brain, has left and right hemispheres

A

cerebrum

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4
Q

how many lobes in each hemisphere or the cerebrum

A

4

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5
Q

what hemisphere controls what side of the body

A

opposite/contralateral

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6
Q

a 3 millimeter thick outer layer of the cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex

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7
Q

cerebral cortex consists of what type of matter

A

grey

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8
Q

type of brain matter dominated by nuclei

A

grey

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9
Q

shallow grooves dividing the cerebral cortex

A

sulcus/fissure

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10
Q

the “hills” lying between sucli valleys

A

gyri

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11
Q

structure that integrates signals between lobes

A

association cortex

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12
Q

part of the frontal lobe that lies immediately anterior to the central sulcus

A

motor cortex

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13
Q

part of the brain that initiates voluntary contractions of individual muscles in the contralateral side of the body

A

motor cortex

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14
Q

a part of the frontal lobe in which a lesion can result in non-fluent aphasia

A

broca’s area

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15
Q

the impairment of the ability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs

A

fluent aphasia

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16
Q

part of the parietal lobe that lies immediate posterior to the central sulcus, between the frontal and occipital lobes

A

sensory cortex

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17
Q

part of the brain that receives information from receptors in skin, muscles, and joints of the contralateral side of the body

A

sensory cortex

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18
Q

distorted representations of the body based on a neurological “map” of the brain

A

somatosensory homunculi

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19
Q

part of the brain that interprets auditory stimuli

A

temporal lobe

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20
Q

part of the temporal lobe that, when damaged, can lead to fluent aphasia

A

wernicke’s area

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21
Q

an impairment in understanding the speech of others as well as their own mistakes in speech

A

fluent aphasia

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22
Q

part of the brain located posterior to the temporal and parietal lobes

A

occipital lobe

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23
Q

part of the brain that interprets visual stimuli

A

occipital lobe

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24
Q

portion of the cerebral cortex folded deep within the lateral sulcus

A

insula

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25
Q

portion of the cerebral cortex that plays a role in diverse functions linked to homeostasis

A

insulae

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26
Q

a brain structure consisting of a relatively compact cluster of neuron cell blocks

A

nucleus

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27
Q

how does a nucleus of the brain show up in anatomical sections

A

region of gray matter often bordered by white matter

28
Q

a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

A

ganglion

29
Q

what is a section of the brain commonly referred to as ganglia

A

basal nuclei/ganglia

30
Q

a collection of nuclei deep to the grey matter of the cerebral cortex

A

basal nuclei/ganglia

31
Q

a collection of nuclei that generally help in directing involuntary movements

A

basal nuclei/ganglia

32
Q

disorder of basal nuclei/ganglia, the presence of abnormal involuntary movements and/or excessive movements

A

hyperkinesia

33
Q

disorder of basal nuclei/ganglia, the absence, reduction, or difficulty with intended voluntary movements

A

hypokinesia

34
Q

the most common disorder of basal nuclei/ganglia

A

parkinson’s disease

35
Q

the typical onset of parkinson’s diease

A

60 years old

36
Q

part of the brain located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum and posterior to the brainstem

A

cerebellum

37
Q

part of the brain that functions as an important centre for coordination of movements and maintenance of balance

A

cerebellum

38
Q

part of the brain that constantly receives information from proprioceptors, and makes adjustments to ensure planned movements from the motor cortex are successful

A

cerebellum

39
Q

part of the brain that has extensive connections with the vestibular apparatus and the eyes. helps maintain equilibrium

A

cerebellum

40
Q

how does the cerebellum work, compared to the cerebrum

A

cerebellum is ipsilateral, cerebrum contralateral

41
Q

the inability to coordinate the muscles usually most prominent during gait

A

ataxia

42
Q

the inability to perform accurate movements due to over or under projection

A

dysmetria

43
Q

movements are broken into simpler component pieces that must be done slowly with much concentration rather than a smooth coordinated movement

A

decomposition of movement

44
Q

tremor associated with the cerebellum

A

intention tremor

45
Q

tremor associated with the basal ganglia/nuclei

A

resting tremor

46
Q

structure of the CNS located superior to the spinal cord

A

brain stem

47
Q

part of the brain consisting of the medula oblongata, pons, and midbrain

A

brainstem

48
Q

the caudal/inferior part of the brainstem

A

medulla oblongata

49
Q

the intermediate part of the brainstem

A

pons

50
Q

the superior part of the brainstem

A

midbrain

51
Q

part of the brain generally concerned with the vital functions of the autonomic nervous system

A

brain stem

52
Q

part of the brain that contains nuclei that are reflex centres for regulation of heart rate, respiratory rate, vasoconstriction, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, cardiovascular control, and breathing

A

brain stem

53
Q

part of the brain that initates auditory and oculomotor reflexes

A

brain stem

54
Q

part of the brain that contains both motor and sensory tracts that connect the spinal cord and various parts of the brain

A

brain stem

55
Q

part of the brain that is the site of most of the 12 cranial nerve nuclei

A

brain stem

56
Q

a large part of the brain stem consisting of small areas of loosely clustered nuclei and tracts

A

reticular formation

57
Q

part of the brain stem that helps maintain consciousness, causes awakening from sleep, filters out unimportant information, and contributes to regulating muscle tone

A

reticular formation

58
Q

structure that wraps around the brain stem and lies beneath the cerebral cortex

A

lymbic system

59
Q

structure with many parts often referred to as the emotional brain

A

lymbic system

60
Q

part of the lymbic system. the brain’s pleasure center

A

nucleus accumbens

61
Q

part of the lymbic system. plays an important role in emotional behaviors, especially fear and aggresion

A

amygdala

62
Q

aka for fluent aphasia

A

wernicke’s aphasia

63
Q

aka for non-fluent aphasia

A

broca’s aphasia

64
Q

what part of the brain is associated with linguistic expression

A

broca’s area

65
Q

what part of the brain is associated with linguistic comprehension

A

wernicke’s area

Neurology (11 decks)

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