Hypotheses

Question 1

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 1

A prediction that researchers make about what they think will happen in their study

Question 2

What does operationalising a hypothesis mean?

Answer 2

Specifying exactly what it is we will test (the independent variable) and exactly how we will measure the behaviour/response (the dependent variable)

Question 3

What is it called when, in a hypothesis, you specify exactly what it is you will test (the IV) and exactly how you will measure the behaviour/response (the DV)?

Answer 3

Operationalise it

Question 4

What must you do to a hypothesis?

Answer 4

Operationalise it

Question 5

What is another name for an experimental hypothesis?

Answer 5

An alternative hypothesis

Question 6

What is another name for an alternative hypothesis?

Answer 6

An experimental hypothesis

Question 7

What is an experimental/alternative hypothesis?

Answer 7

One that predicts there will be a significant affect from the IV on the DV.

Question 8

a) What type of hypothesis is the following prediction?
‘Males will recall more words from a list than females’
b) Why is this?

Answer 8

a) An experimental or alternative hypothesis

b) It predicts that the IV (gender) will have an affect on the DV (number of words recalled)

Question 9

True or False: the following prediction is an experimental/alternative hypothesis
‘Males will recall more words from a list than females’

Answer 9

True - It predicts that the IV (gender) will have an affect on the DV (number of words recalled)

Question 10

True or False: the following prediction is a null hypothesis

‘Males will recall more words from a list than females’

Answer 10

False - it is an experimental/alternative hypothesis because it predicts that the IV (gender) will have an affect on the DV (number of words recalled)

Question 11

Why do you need to make both predictions at the start of an investigation?

Answer 11

So in your conclusion you can reject one type and accept another

Question 12

What is a null hypothesis?

Answer 12

One that predicts the IV will not have a significant affect on the DV (or that any affect will be due to chance and not the independent variable)

Question 13

a) What type of hypothesis is the following prediction?
‘There will be no difference in the number of words recalled from a list between males and females’
b) Why is this?

Answer 13

a) Null hypothesis

b) It predicts there will be no affect of the IV (gender) on the DV (number of words recalled in a list)

Question 14

True or False: the following prediction is an experimental/alternative hypothesis
‘There will be no difference in the number of words recalled from a list between males and females’

Answer 14

False - it is a null hypothesis because it predicts there will be no affect of the IV (gender) on the DV (number of words recalled in a list)

Question 15

True or False: the following prediction is a null hypothesis

‘There will be no difference in the number of words recalled from a list between males and females’

Answer 15

True - It predicts there will be no affect of the IV (gender) on the DV (number of words recalled in a list)

Question 16

Identify if the following hypothesis is operationalised, partially operationalised, or not operationalised.

‘Violence will have a significant affect on behaviour’

Answer 16

Not operationalised

Question 17

Identify if the following hypothesis is operationalised, partially operationalised, or not operationalised.

‘Showing a picture with a word will have a significant affect on memory’

Answer 17

Partially operationalised

Question 18

Identify if the following hypothesis is operationalised, partially operationalised, or not operationalised.

‘Self report aggression scores will be higher for those who watch a violent TV programme than those who don’t’

Answer 18

Operationalised

Question 19

Identify if the following hypothesis is operationalised, partially operationalised, or not operationalised.

‘Males will recall more words from a list than females’

Answer 19

Operationalised

Question 20

The following hypothesis is operationalised - true or false?

‘Violence will have a significant affect on behaviour’

Answer 20

False - not operationalised

Question 21

The following hypothesis is partially operationalised - true or false?

‘Violence will have a significant affect on behaviour’

Answer 21

False - not operationalised

Question 22

The following hypothesis is not operationalised - true or false?

‘Violence will have a significant affect on behaviour’

Answer 22

True

Question 23

The following hypothesis is operationalised - true or false?

‘Showing a picture with a word will have a significant affect on memory’

Answer 23

False - partially operationalised

Question 24

The following hypothesis is partially operationalised - true or false?

‘Showing a picture with a word will have a significant affect on memory’

Answer 24

True

Question 25

The following hypothesis is not operationalised - true or false? 'Showing a picture with a word will have a significant affect on memory'

Answer 25

False - partially operationalised

Question 26

The following hypothesis is operationalised - true or false? 'Self report aggression scores will be higher for those who watch a violent TV programme than those who don't'

Answer 26

True

Question 27

The following hypothesis is partially operationalised - true or false? 'Self report aggression scores will be higher for those who watch a violent TV programme than those who don't'

Answer 27

False - operationalised

Question 28

The following hypothesis is not operationalised - true or false? 'Self report aggression scores will be higher for those who watch a violent TV programme than those who don't'

Answer 28

False - operationalised

Question 29

The following hypothesis is operationalised - true or false? 'Males will recall more words from a list than females'

Answer 29

True

Question 30

The following hypothesis is partially operationalised - true or false? 'Males will recall more words from a list than females'

Answer 30

False - operationalised

Question 31

The following hypothesis is not operationalised - true or false? 'Males will recall more words from a list than females'

Answer 31

False - operationalised

Question 32

Identify if the following prediction is an example of an experimental or null hypothesis. 'Participants who receive an injection of adrenalin will show a significantly faster heart rate than participants who don't.'

Answer 32

Experimental hypothesis

Question 33

The following prediction is an example of an experimental hypothesis - true or false? 'Participants who receive an injection of adrenalin will show a significantly faster heart rate than participants who don't.'

Answer 33

True

Question 34

The following prediction is an example of a null hypothesis - true or false? 'Participants who receive an injection of adrenalin will show a significantly faster heart rate than participants who don't.'

Answer 34

False - experimental

Question 35

Identify if the following prediction is an example of an experimental or null hypothesis. 'Females will drive significantly more carefully than males.'

Answer 35

Experimental hypothesis

Question 36

The following prediction is an example of an experimental hypothesis - true or false? 'Females will drive significantly more carefully than males.'

Answer 36

True

Question 37

The following prediction is an example of a null hypothesis - true or false? 'Females will drive significantly more carefully than males.'

Answer 37

False - experimental

Question 38

Identify if the following prediction is an example of an experimental or null hypothesis. 'There will be no significant affect of social class on IQ scores'

Answer 38

Null hypothesis

Question 39

The following prediction is an example of an experimental hypothesis - true or false? 'There will be no significant affect of social class on IQ scores'

Answer 39

False - null

Question 40

The following prediction is an example of a null hypothesis - true or false? 'There will be no significant affect of social class on IQ scores'

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Identify if the following prediction is an example of an experimental or null hypothesis. 'Participants will be significantly less likely to help someone when they are in a group than when they are alone.'

Answer 41

Experimental hypothesis

Question 42

The following prediction is an example of an experimental hypothesis - true or false? 'Participants will be significantly less likely to help someone when they are in a group than when they are alone.'

Answer 42

True

Question 43

The following prediction is an example of a null hypothesis - true or false? 'Participants will be significantly less likely to help someone when they are in a group than when they are alone.'

Answer 43

False - experimental

Question 44

Identify if the following prediction is an example of an experimental or null hypothesis. 'The time of day will not significantly affect a participant's alertness on a task'

Answer 44

Null hypothesis

Question 45

The following prediction is an example of a null hypothesis - true or false? 'The time of day will not significantly affect a participant's alertness on a task'

Answer 45

True

Question 46

The following prediction is an example of an experimental hypothesis - true or false? 'The time of day will not significantly affect a participant's alertness on a task'

Answer 46

False - null

Question 47

Identify if the following prediction is an example of an experimental or null hypothesis. 'There will be no difference in the number of words recalled from a list between males and females'

Answer 47

Null hypothesis

Question 48

The following prediction is an example of a null hypothesis - true or false? 'There will be no difference in the number of words recalled from a list between males and females'

Answer 48

True

Question 49

The following prediction is an example of an experimental hypothesis - true or false? 'There will be no difference in the number of words recalled from a list between males and females'

Answer 49

False - null

Question 50

Identify if the following prediction is an example of an experimental or null hypothesis. 'Participants who have alcohol will respond significantly slower on a reaction time task than participants who don't have alcohol'

Answer 50

Experimental hypothesis

Question 51

The following prediction is an example of an experimental hypothesis - true or false? 'Participants who have alcohol will respond significantly slower on a reaction time task than participants who don't have alcohol'

Answer 51

True

Question 52

The following prediction is an example of a null hypothesis - true or false? 'Participants who have alcohol will respond significantly slower on a reaction time task than participants who don't have alcohol'

Answer 52

False - experimental

Question 53

Identify if the following prediction is an example of an experimental or null hypothesis. 'There will be no significant difference between the number of male participants who wear a seatbelt and the number of female drivers who wear a seatbelt.

Answer 53

Null hypothesis

Question 54

The following prediction is an example of a null hypothesis - true or false? 'There will be no significant difference between the number of male participants who wear a seatbelt and the number of female drivers who wear a seatbelt.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

The following prediction is an example of an experimental hypothesis - true or false? 'There will be no significant difference between the number of male participants who wear a seatbelt and the number of female drivers who wear a seatbelt.

Answer 55

False - null

Question 56

What is the difference between a one-tailed and a two-tailed hypothesis?

Answer 56

One tailed = hypothesis that predicts the specific direction of the difference or effect Two tailed = hypothesis that just suggests a difference will take place

Question 57

What is a one-tailed hypothesis?

Answer 57

A hypothesis that predicts the specific direction of the difference or effect

Question 58

What is a two-tailed hypothesis?

Answer 58

A hypothesis that just suggests a difference will take place

Question 59

a) Is the following prediction a one-tailed or two-tailed hypothesis? ' There will be a significant difference between the number of long words recalled compared with the number of short words recalled' b) Why is this?

Answer 59

a) Two-tailed hypothesis | b) It predicts there will be an affect of the IV (length of word) on the DV (number of words recalled)

Question 60

True or False: the following prediction is a two tailed hypothesis. ' There will be a significant difference between the number of long words recalled compared with the number of short words recalled'

Answer 60

True - It predicts there will be an affect of the IV (length of word) on the DV (number of words recalled)

Question 61

True or False: the following prediction is a one tailed hypothesis. ' There will be a significant difference between the number of long words recalled compared with the number of short words recalled'

Answer 61

False - It's a two tailed hypothesis because it predicts there will be an affect of the IV (length of word) on the DV (number of words recalled)

Question 62

How could you turn the following two-tailed hypothesis into a one-tailed hypothesis? ' There will be a significant difference between the number of long words recalled compared with the number of short words recalled' If possible, explain why the hypothesis you have come up with is one-tailed.

Answer 62

'Participants will recall significantly less long words than short words' because this hypothesis has predicted the expected effect, rather than make a general prediction claiming there will be a difference.

Question 63

Identify which of the following hypothesis is one-tailed. a) ' There will be a significant difference between the number of long words recalled compared with the number of short words recalled' b) 'Participants will recall significantly less long words than short words'

Answer 63

b) is one-tailed

Question 64

Identify which of the following hypothesis is one-tailed. a) 'Participants will recall significantly less long words than short words' b) ' There will be a significant difference between the number of long words recalled compared with the number of short words recalled'

Answer 64

a) is one-tailed

Question 65

Identify which of the following hypothesis is two-tailed. a) 'Participants will recall significantly less long words than short words' b) ' There will be a significant difference between the number of long words recalled compared with the number of short words recalled'

Answer 65

b) is two-tailed

Question 66

Identify which of the following hypothesis is two-tailed. a) ' There will be a significant difference between the number of long words recalled compared with the number of short words recalled' b) 'Participants will recall significantly less long words than short words'

Answer 66

a) is two tailed

Question 67

Identify which of the following hypothesis is two-tailed and which is one-tailed. a) ' There will be a significant difference between the number of long words recalled compared with the number of short words recalled' b) 'Participants will recall significantly less long words than short words'

Answer 67

a) Two-tailed | b) One-tailed

Question 68

Identify which of the following hypothesis is two-tailed and which is one-tailed. a) 'Participants will recall significantly less long words than short words' b) ' There will be a significant difference between the number of long words recalled compared with the number of short words recalled'

Answer 68

a) One-tailed | b) Two-tailed

Question 69

Identify if the following hypothesis is one or two tailed. 'There is a difference in the speed with which people react to visual and auditory stimuli'.

Answer 69

Two tailed

Question 70

True or false: the following hypothesis is two tailed. 'There is a difference in the speed with which people react to visual and auditory stimuli'.

Answer 70

True

Question 71

True or false: the following hypothesis is one tailed. 'There is a difference in the speed with which people react to visual and auditory stimuli'.

Answer 71

False - two tailed

Question 72

Identify if the following hypothesis is one or two tailed. ' Cannabis affects memory'

Answer 72

Two tailed

Question 73

True or false: the following hypothesis is two tailed. ' Cannabis affects memory'

Answer 73

True

Question 74

True or false: the following hypothesis is one tailed. ' Cannabis affects memory'

Answer 74

False - two tailed

Question 75

Identify if the following hypothesis is one or two tailed. 'Bulls will charge more often when presented with a red rag than when presented with a blue rag.'

Answer 75

One tailed

Question 76

True or false: the following hypothesis is one tailed. 'Bulls will charge more often when presented with a red rag than when presented with a blue rag.'

Answer 76

True

Question 77

True or false: the following hypothesis is two tailed. 'Bulls will charge more often when presented with a red rag than when presented with a blue rag.'

Answer 77

False - one tailed

Question 78

Identify if the following hypothesis is one or two tailed. 'First born children learn to speak earlier than second born and subsequent children.'

Answer 78

One tailed

Question 79

True or false: the following hypothesis is one tailed. 'First born children learn to speak earlier than second born and subsequent children.'

Answer 79

True

Question 80

True or false: the following hypothesis is two tailed. 'First born children learn to speak earlier than second born and subsequent children.'

Answer 80

False - one tailed

Question 81

Identify if the following hypothesis is one or two tailed. 'Men drive faster than women'

Answer 81

One tailed

Question 82

True or false: the following hypothesis is two tailed. 'Men drive faster than women'

Answer 82

False - one tailed

Question 83

True or false: the following hypothesis is one tailed. 'Men drive faster than women'

Answer 83

True

Question 84

Identify if the following hypothesis is one or two tailed. 'lack of sleep affects learning in 10-year-old boys.'

Answer 84

Two tailed

Question 85

True or false: the following hypothesis is one tailed. 'lack of sleep affects learning in 10-year-old boys.'

Answer 85

False - two tailed

Question 86

True or false: the following hypothesis is two tailed. 'lack of sleep affects learning in 10-year-old boys.'

Answer 86

True

Question 87

Identify if the following hypothesis is one or two tailed. 'A baby under 9 months of age will not search for a hidden object.'

Answer 87

One tailed

Question 88

True or false: the following hypothesis is two tailed. 'A baby under 9 months of age will not search for a hidden object.'

Answer 88

False - one tailed

Question 89

True or false: the following hypothesis is one tailed. 'A baby under 9 months of age will not search for a hidden object.'

Answer 89

True

Question 90

Identify if the following hypothesis is one or two tailed. 'Social class affects IQ scores.'

Answer 90

Two tailed

Question 91

True or false: the following hypothesis is one tailed. 'Social class affects IQ scores.'

Answer 91

False - two tailed

Question 92

True or false: the following hypothesis is two tailed. 'Social class affects IQ scores.'

Answer 92

True

Question 93

Identify if the following hypothesis is one or two tailed. 'It is easier to remember items which are chunked together than it is to remember individual, unconnected items.'

Answer 93

One tailed

Question 94

True or false: the following hypothesis is two tailed. 'It is easier to remember items which are chunked together than it is to remember individual, unconnected items.'

Answer 94

False - one tailed

Question 95

True or false: the following hypothesis is two tailed. 'It is easier to remember items which are chunked together than it is to remember individual, unconnected items.'

Answer 95

True

Question 96

Identify if the following hypothesis is one or two tailed. 'Stressful experiences increase the likelihood of headaches.'

Answer 96

One tailed

Question 97

True or false: the following hypothesis is two tailed. 'Stressful experiences increase the likelihood of headaches.'

Answer 97

False - one tailed

Question 98

True or false: the following hypothesis is one tailed. 'Stressful experiences increase the likelihood of headaches.'

Answer 98

True

Question 99

Identify if the following hypothesis is one or two tailed. 'Time of day affects alertness'

Answer 99

Two tailed

Question 100

True or false: the following hypothesis is one tailed. 'Time of day affects alertness'

Answer 100

False - two tailed

Question 101

True or false: the following hypothesis is two tailed. 'Time of day affects alertness'

Answer 101

True