hypothesis testing

Question 1

sampling distributions

Answer 1

the degree of sample-to-sample variability that we can expect by chance as a function of sampling error and tells us what values we might (or might not) expect to obtain for a particular statistic under a set of predefined conditions. provide the opportunity to evaluate the likelihood (given the value of simple statistics) that such predefined conditions actually exist

Question 2

standard error

Answer 2

estimates from different samples of a single population will have different values

Question 3

null hypothesis

Answer 3

claim that the researcher hopes to reject

Question 4

alternative hypothesis

Answer 4

the claim that is supported by rejecting the null hypothesis

Question 5

test statistics

Answer 5

numerical summary of a data-set that reduces the data to one value that can be used to perform the hypothesis test

Question 6

critical value

Answer 6

the actual score that cuts off the highest 5%

Question 7

type 1 error

Answer 7

a kind of fault that occurs during the hypothesis testing process when a null hypothesis is rejected, even though it is accurate and should not be rejected

Question 8

type 2 error

Answer 8

describes the error that occurs when one fails to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false and is essentially a false positive

Question 9

one-tailed directional test

Answer 9

a statistical test in which the critical area of a distribution is one-sided so that it is either greater than or less than a certain value, but not both

Question 10

two-tailed non-directional test

Answer 10

a test that is conducted to show whether the mean of the sample is significantly greater than and significantly less than the mean of a population

Question 11

hypothesis testing

Answer 11

run to determine whether a claim is true or not, given a population parameter