I. Principles of Dietetics Flashcards by Garth Hunt

In the stomach, gastric juices are comprised of all of the following except:

a. hydrocholoric acid
b. enzymes
c. water
d. bile

D. Bile

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Which of these stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes, causes contraction of the gall bladder, and slows gastric emptying?

a. CCK
b. gastrin
c. bile
d. GIP

A. CCK

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Long chain fatty acids leave the liver in the form of?

a. chylomicrons
b. lipoproteins
c. phospholipids
d. triglycerides

B. Lipoproteins

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Which of the following enzymes is produced in the small intestine?

a. amylase
b. trypsin
c. lipase
d. maltase

D. Maltase

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Oxygenated blood is being returned from the lungs to the heart. Which of these choices describes its path?

a. pulm arteries –> L atrium –> L ventricle –> VC
b. pulm veins –> R atrium –> R ventricle –> VC
c. pulm veins –> L atrium –> L ventricle –> aorta
d. pulm arteries –> R atrium –> Latrium –> aorta

C. Pulmonary veins –> L atrium –> L ventricle –> aorta

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In the Krebs Cycle, acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form:

a. citrate
b. carnitine
c. none of these
d. pyruvate

A. Citrate

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Glycogenolysis is:

a. breakdown of CHO
b. breakdown glyc –> glu
c. creation of glu from fat & pro
d. creation of glyc

B. breakdown of glyc –> glu

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Pepsinogen is activated by:

a. bicarbonate
b. trypsin
c. HCl
d. liver

C. HCl

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Which of these are true statements about bile:
I. produced in gallbladder
II. after emulsifying fat, it is reabsorbed & recycled
III. after emulsifying fat, it is trapped by fiber/excrete
IV. it is manufactured from cholesterol

II, III, IV

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When considering renal fxn, which of the following is true?

a. triggeres release of Na & H2O excretion
b. inhibits angiotensin
c. triggerst resorption of Na & H2O retention
d. inhibits GNrH

C. Triggers resorption of Na & H2O retention

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In a fed state, the brain uses which of the following for energy?

a. fatty acids
b. ketone bodies
c. urea
d. glucose

D. Glucose

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If a person were in a starved state for weeks, the brain would use which of the following for energy?

a. fatty acids
b. glucose
c. ketone bodies
d. urea

C. ketone bodies

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All of the following are true of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle except:

a. FSH causes growth of cells containing an ovum in the ovaries
b. production of GNrH is inhibited
c. LH prompts cells to secrete progesterone
d. estrogen & progesterone stimulates the uterine wall to build up nutrients and blood vessels.

B. production of GNrH is inhibited

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Which of these signals secretion of HCl? \

a. gastrin
b. bile
c. secretin
d. GIP

A. gastrin

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Guconeogenesis is inhibited by?

a. insulin
b. adrenaline
c. catecholamine
d. glucagon

A. Insulin

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The hypothalamus regulates all of the following except:

a. hunger
b. temperature control
c. thirst
d. skilled movements

D. skilled movements

Following cellular oxidation, the main end products are:

a. urea & O2
b. O2 & AAs
c. C & H
d. CO2 & H2O

D. CO2 & H2O

You have consumed a glass of milk. In digestion where is the disaccharide found in milk absorbed?

a. stomach
b. small intestine
c. liver
d. large intestine

B. Small intestine

In which of the following is lactic acid produced?

a. gluconeogenesis
b. glycolysis
c. Kreb’s Cycle
d. glycogenesis

B. Glycolysis

What is the net gain of ATP via CHO metabolism?

a. 30-36
b. 28-36
c. 36-40
d. 36-38

D. 36-38

Which of the following is not true of epinephrine?

a. increases blood sugar
b. promotes glycogenolysis
c. lowers blood sugar
d. secreted from the adrenal glands

C. lowers blood sugar

Which of these steps is not reversible?

a. pyr –> acetyl CoA
b. both are reversible
c. neither is reversible
d. gluc –> pyr

A. pyr –> acetyl CoA

Glycolysis is associated with all of the following except:

a. CHO breakdown
b. end product is pyr
c. lactic acid is produced
d. metabolism of FAs

D. Metabolism of FAs

In the lungs, O2 and CO2 are exchanged at the:

a. bronchi
b. alveolar-capillary membrane
c. surfactant
d. glomerulus

B. alveolar-capillary membrane

You are running a marathon. When fats are oxidized for energy which of the following is produced? a. urea b. pyr c. gluc-6-phosphate d. acetyl CoA

D. acteyl CoA

A dietitian assessing a patient with a confirmed diagnosis of pellagra would need to observe the patient for clinical deficiency signs of what other vitamin? a. pyridoxine b. riboflavin c. niacin d. cobalamin

Identify the vitamin that is a hexose derivative and is closely related to the monosaccharides: a. phenylalanine b. niacin c. riboflavin d. ascorbic acid

The vitamin deficiency that results in changes in skin texture (most notably follicular hyperkeratosis) is: a. Vit C b. Vit. A c. pyridoxine d. niacin

The essential metabolic roles of vit D require which functionally active form of the vitamin? a. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 b. 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 c. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 d. ergosterol

The supplementation of which vitamin has a masking effect on the blood symptoms of pernicious anemia? a. Vit B12 b. Folic Acid c. Pyridoxine d. Vitamin C

The most important biological function of pantothenic acid is its role as/in: a. fat metabolism b. an antioxidant c. precursor of acetyl CoA d. the synthesis of fibrin

A client with symptoms of disorientation, difficulty walking, and a history of EtOH abuse most likely is suffering from: a. Vit A toxicity b. riboflavin deficiency c. thiamin deficiency d. malabsorption syndrome

Identify the patient at greatest risk for B-12 deficiency? a. A 26 yr old lacto vegetarian b. A 34 yr old Hispanic male c. A 45 yr old strict vegan d. A 56 yr old African-American Female

Which two vitamins can be synthesized by bacteria in the intestines? a. vitamin K & thiamin b. biotin & niacin c. biotin & vitamin K d. vitamin k & riboflavin

The body's need for vitamin B6 is related to the intake of which nutrient? a. protein b. fat c. CHO d. water

Which of the following is used when sufficient data is not available to set a Recommended Daily Allowance? a. TUL b. AI c. EAR d. DRI

Identify which one of the four DRI categories is most appropriately used to develop and evaluate nutrition programs for groups. a. RDA b. AI c. TUIL d. EAR