Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NE Exam 3 > Ibook: Neuroanatomy of Gustation and Olfaction > Flashcards

Ibook: Neuroanatomy of Gustation and Olfaction Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What can recognize a wider variety of sensations, the tongue or nose?

A

Nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What allows us to recognize different tastes other than the 4 basic ones?

A

Few taste receptors in different combinations result in different taste sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are olfactory receptor neurons found?

A

Olfactory mucosa of the superior portion of the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of receptors are odorant receptors?

A

GPCRs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When an odorant receptor is activated where does it send its signal?

A

Olfactory receptor neuron to olfactory bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What layer of CT holds lots of immune cells and is important because the mucosa is directly exposed to the external environment?

A

Lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What cells are superficial to the basement membrane, act as stem cells for olfactory receptor neurons, and have a life span 30-60 days?

A

Basal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What has a single dendrite that extends to the mucus layer and its axons travel up to the olfactory bulb through the lamina propria?

A

Olfactory receptor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What cells are ciliated columnar epithelial cells?

A

Brush cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an important characteristic of the cilia of olfactory epithelium?

A

They are non-motile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is made and secreted by the glands and ducts in the olfactory epithelium?

A

Mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When the smell molecule ligands bind to a GPCR it results in the activation of?

A

Adenyl cyclase which results in the increase in cAMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The increase in cAMP binds ion channels which leads to?

A

Increase in Ca2+ and Na+ influx into the cell (depolarization and AP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 5 layers of the olfactory bulb?

A

1) Granule cell layer
2) Mitral cell layer
3) External plexiform layer
4) Glomerular layer
5) Olfactory epithelium

GRow My EGO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do olfactory receptor neurons pass through in order to synapse with the olfactory bulb?

A

Cribriform plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does the olfactory bulb connect to the rest of the brain?

A

Olfactory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What reach the olfactory bulb via the anterior commissure?

A

Centrifugal fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Afferent projections from olfactory receptor neurons synapse with?

A

Mitral and Tufted cells in the olfactory glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The axons of an olfactory receptor neuron only synapse in ______, however, _______ has a large number of?

A

The axons of an olfactory receptor neuron only synapse in one glomerulus, however, a single glomerulus has a large number of olfactory receptor neurons synapses within it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Centrifugal fibers have what type of effect on granule cells?

A

Positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The granule cell has what type of effect on Mitral and Tufted cells?

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Increasing Centrifugal fiber activity will indirectly do what?

A

Decrease Mitral and tufted cell activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Olfactory receptor neurons upregulate the activity of?

A

Mitral/Tufted cells and Periglomerular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Periglomerular cells antagonize the activity of?

A

Mitral and olfactory receptor neuron cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The periglomerular cells have an important role in?
Getting used to smells
26
As olfactory receptor neurons continue to be active, the periglomerular cells respond to?
Shut down mitral and tufted cells effectively inhibiting the transmission of info from the environment to the brain
27
What cell type carries afferent info from olfactory bulb to the brain?
Tufted cells
28
Which cell type carries efferent info form the brain to the olfactory bulb?
Centrifugal Fibers
29
A student walks into the room of a patient and notices it smells like garlic. Later the physician check the oral cavity of the patient and they wince under the odor. The student realized they forgot to warn the attending. Why did the student forget?
The negative feedback of the granular cells inhibited the propagation of info of the mitral and tufted cells
30
What NT is released by granular cells in the olfactory bulb and has an inhibitory effect?
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
31
Constant stimulation of Mitral and Tufted cells have what type of effect on Granular cells?
Positive
32
Activated Granular cells have what type of effect on mitral and tufted cells?
Negative
33
The olfactory bulb carries info to the olfactory cortex via?
Lateral olfactory tract
34
The cells that are sending their axons to the olfactory cortex through the lateral olfactory tract are?
Mitral and Tufted cells
35
Afferent projections from the olfactory bulb go where first? | Where can it go second?
1) Olfactory cortex | 2) Dorsomedial thalamic nucleus
36
If info is directed from the olfactory cortex to the lateral hypothalamus then?
The body responds with appropriate feeding behavior Ex) A person smells warm bread causing them to salivate and become hungry
37
If info is directed from the olfactory cortex to the hippocampus then?
The input is linked to learning and behavior Ex) I smell bad body odor all day no matter where i go. It must be me. I smell. I will shower later.
38
The Neocortex helps with?
Discriminating and identifying odors Ex) This drink smells like coffee, if I drink this it will help me stay awake
39
What helps integrate smell and taste to help humans experience flavors and enjoy food?
Orbitofrontal cortex
40
Before the brain can react to and respond to smell, how many neurons took part in the transmission of info?
Two
41
Patient presents to clinic complaining that when they smell metal they become anxious and suddenly scared. You ask if the smell of KC BBQ makes them hungry to which they respond it always does. Where is the lesion?
Part of olfactory cortex is damaged such as the Paleocortex
42
What happens if the left orbitofrontal cortex has a lesion?
Unable to differentiate between smells
43
What is the second neuron involved in olfaction?
Mitral or Tufted cells
44
What innervates fungiform papillae and anterior foliate papillae on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Chorda Tympani
45
Taste buds on the soft palate are innervated by?
Greater superficial petrosal nerve
46
Soluble chemical from food diffuse through a taste pore and bind to receptors on?
Apical microvilli of taste cells
47
Afferent fibers of the facial nerve carrying taste sensory info enter the brain stem where?
Pontomedullary junction
48
Where are sensory fiber cell bodies of the CN VII located? | These fibers carry taste sensation to?
1) Geniculate ganglia | 2) Rostral solitary nucleus (AKA Gustatory nucleus)
49
What innervates taste buds in the vallate papillae and posterior foliate papillae?
CN IX
50
What innervates taste buds of the epiglottis and espohagus?
CN X
51
After synapsing in the solitary nucleus sensory info from the taste buds travels through 2nd order neurons and travel via?
Ipsilateral central tegmental tract
52
The central tegmental tract is the highway for? | Where does the gustatory sensory info travel next?
1) 2nd order neurons to travel | 2) Parvicellular ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPMpc)
53
What happens in the VPMpc?
2nd order neurons synapse with 3rd order neurons
54
Where does the gustatory sensory info shuttle to next after VPMpc? By what route?
1) Frontal operculum and anterior insular cortex | 2) Ipsilateral posterior limb of the internal capsule
55
What is the specific areas of the frontal operculum and anterior insular cortex that gustatory info arrives at?
Brodmann area 3b in post central gyrus
56
The pathway that gustatory sensory info travels is responsible for?
Discriminating taste
57
A patient has a negative gag reflex. Where would you expect the patient to have diminished taste sensation?
Vallate papillae
58
The gustatory ganglia synapse in what nucleus of the brain stem?
Solitary nucleus
59
If a patient has a middle ear infection along with the sense of taste lost what might be lesioned?
Chorda tympani
60
What is the term for the decreased sensitivity to odorants?
Hyposomia aka Olfactory Hypesthesia
61
What can cause Hyposomia aka Olfactory Hypesthesia ?
Nasal polyps
62
What is the term for the loss of smell?
Anosmia
63
What is the term for the complete loss of taste?
Ageusia
64
What is the term for the decreased taste sensitivity?
Hypogeusia
65
What is the term for the perception of taste altered and is commonly due to drug use?
Paraguesi/ Dysgeusia
66
A tumor in the internal auditory meatus (vestibular schwannoma) can cause?
Lesion of CN VII
67
In terms of taste, lesion of CN VII can result in?
Loss of taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue on ipsilateral side
68
Damage to distal geniculate ganglion can result in?
Ipsilateral facial paralysis

NE Exam 3 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions