Intro to the Endocrine system

Question 1

What Endocrine organ produces ADH, oxytocin, TRH, CRH, GHRH, GnRH, Dopamine, and somatostatin?

Answer 1

Hypothalamus

Question 2

What Endocrine organ produces ACTH, TSH, growth hormone, Prolactin, FSH, LH, and MSH?

Answer 2

Anterior pituatary gland

Question 3

What Endocrine organ releases oxytocin and ADH?

Answer 3

Posterior pituitary gland

Question 4

What hormones do the parathyroid glands produce?

Answer 4

Parathyroid hormone

Question 5

What Endocrine organ produces epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Answer 5

Adrenal medulla

Question 6

What Endocrine organ produces cortisol, aldosterone, androgens?

Answer 6

Adrenal cortex

Question 7

What Endocrine organ produces melatonin?

Answer 7

Pineal gland

Question 8

What Endocrine organ produces thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), and Calcitonin (CT)?

Answer 8

Thyroid gland

Question 9

What Endocrine organ produces thymopoietin?

Answer 9

Thymus

Question 10

What Endocrine organ produces insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin?

Answer 10

Pancreateic islets

Question 11

What Endocrine organ produces estrogen, progestins, inhibin, and relaxin?

Answer 11

Ovaries

Question 12

What Endocrine organ produces testosterone and inhibin?

Answer 12

Testes

Question 13

What are some hormones modified by peripheral conversion?

Answer 13

Angiotensin II and vitamin D

Question 14

What Endocrine organ produces renin?

Answer 14

Kidney

Question 15

What Endocrine organ produces hCG, hPL, Estriol, and progesterone?

Answer 15

Placenta

Question 16

What Endocrine organ produces estradiol and progesterone?

Answer 16

Corpus luteum

Question 17

Which class of hormone are water soluble?

Answer 17

Protein/peptide hormones

Question 18

What are steroid hormones synthesized from?

Answer 18

Cholesterol

Question 19

Which class of hormones are lipid-soluble?

Answer 19

Steroid hormones

Question 20

Where are steroid hormones stored?

Answer 20

They are not stored

Question 21

What are Amines hormones derived from?

Answer 21

Tyrosine

Question 22

Where are preprohormone modified in to become prohormone?

Answer 22

ER

Question 23

Which amine hormone is synthesized in the cytosol and secretory granules and it acts through cell membrane associated receptors?

Answer 23

Catecholamines

Question 24

Which amine hormone is stored as thyroglobulin in follicles within the gland and it crosses cell membrane and acts through nuclear receptors?

Answer 24

Thyroid hormones

Question 25

Will the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine bind to proteins?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

Will the steroid hormones cortisol, testosterone, and aldosterone bind to proteins?

Answer 26

1) Yes 2) Yes 3) Not likely

Question 27

Will the protein hormones thyrotropin, insulin, and ADH bind to proteins?

Answer 27

Not likely

Question 28

What is the plasma half life of thyroxine? | Metabolic clearance?

Answer 28

1) 6 days | 2) 0.7 ml/min

Question 29

What is the plasma half life of triiodothyronine? | Metabolic clearance?

Answer 29

1) 1 day | 2) 18 ml/min

Question 30

What is the plasma half life of cortisol? | Metabolic clearance?

Answer 30

1) 100 min | 2) 140 ml/min

Question 31

What is the plasma half life of testosterone? | Metabolic clearance?

Answer 31

1) 85 min | 2) 860 ml/min

Question 32

What is the plasma half life of aldosterone? | Metabolic clearance?

Answer 32

1) 25 min | 2) 1100 ml/min

Question 33

What is the plasma half life of thyrotropin? | Metabolic clearance?

Answer 33

1) 50 min | 2) 50 ml/min

Question 34

What is the plasma half life of insulin? | Metabolic clearance?

Answer 34

1) 8 min | 2) 800 ml/min

Question 35

What is the plasma half life of ADH? | Metabolic clearance?

Answer 35

1) 8 min | 2) 600 ml/min

Question 36

Some feature of hormone action causes additional secretion of the hormone describes what term?

Answer 36

Positive endocrine feedback

Question 37

Due to its uncommoness in biologic systems, when positive feedback does occur it leads to an explosive event such as?

Answer 37

1) Ovulation | 2) Labor contractions

Question 38

Some feature of hormone action inhibits further secretion of the hormone describes what term?

Answer 38

Negative endocrine feedback

Question 39

A hormone released from peripheral endocrine gland (3rd tier) feeds back all the way to the hypothalamus (1st) and the pituitary (2nd) is an example of?

Answer 39

Long-loop feedback

Question 40

A hormone that is secreted from the 2nd tier and then feeds back to the 1st tier is an example of?

Answer 40

Short-loop feedback

Question 41

A gland that inhibits its own secretion is known as?

Answer 41

Ultra short loop feedback

Question 42

What is a major input to the hypothalamus that imposes a circadian rhythm on the secretion of hypothalamic releasing hormones and endocrine axes?

Answer 42

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 43

What is a major input to the hypothalamus that releases melatonin which feedbacks to the SCN info about day and night?

Answer 43

Pineal gland

Question 44

What is increased during upregulation? | Decreased?

Answer 44

1) Synthesis of new receptors | 2) Degradation of existing receptors

Question 45

What is increased during down-regulation? | Decreased?

Answer 45

1) Degradation of existing receptors | 2) Receptor synthesis

Question 46

In the adenylyl cyclase mechanism: 1) What are the 1st messengers? 2) What is the primary effector? 3) What are the 2nd messenger? 4) What is the secondary effector?

Answer 46

1) ACTH, LH, FSH, TSH, glucagon 2) Adenylyl cyclase 3) cAMP 4) PKA

Question 47

In the PLC mechanism: 1) What are the 1st messengers? 2) What is the primary effector? 3) What are the 2nd messenger? 4) What is the secondary effector?

Answer 47

1) GnRH, TRH, oxytocin 2) PLC 3) IP3/DAG/Ca2+ 4) PKC or calmodulin

Question 48

Guanylyl cyclase activation converts GTP to?

Answer 48

cGMP

Question 49

What does cGMP activate?

Answer 49

cGMP kinases (ANP)

Question 50

What does cGMP kinases (ANP) do?

Answer 50

Results in relaxation of vascular smooth muscle (NO)