ID Review Session Flashcards
What are the 5 lactose-fermenting, Gram-negative rods?
E coli
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Citrobacter
Arizona (Salm.)
Mucoid vs non-muoid lactose-fermenters?
E coli is flat
Klebsiella and Enterobacter are mucoid
What color are alpha-hemolytic strep colonies on blood-agar plates?
Green
What color are beta-hemolytic strep colonies on blood-agar plates?
Clear the bood
What color are gamma-hemolytic strep colonies on blood-agar plates?
no clearing
What are the two most important species of Gram-positive rods we need to know about?
Clostridium- large; spores;
Listeria- small; meningitis, spontaneous abortions, diarrhea; often pregnant or immunocompromised
What bacteria should pneumonia make you think of?
Strep pneumo H. influenzae Moraxella Mycobacterium tuberculosis Legionella pneumophila
What bacteria should skin/soft tissues make you think of?
Staph aureus
Group A Strep
Group B Strep
Clostridium perfringens
What bacteria should enteritis make you think of?
Vibrio cholerae
Enterotoxigenic E coli
What bacteria should colitis make you think of?
Shigella
Salmonella
Campylobacter jejuni
C diff
What bacteria should endocarditis make you think of?
Strep viridans (subacute) Enterococcus (subacute)
Staph aureus (acute; IV drug users) Strep pnuemo
Coag neg staph (prosthetic valves)
What bacteria should meningitis make you think of?
Strep pneumo
N. meningitis
Listeria
H influenzae
Intraabdominal infections should make you think of which bacteria?
E coli
Klebsiella
Anaerobes (B. fragilis)
Enterococcus
Bacterial causes of STDs
N gonorrhea
Chlamydia trachomatis
Treponema pallidum
H. ducreyi
HSV (What’s the pathogen, is it painful, are lymph nodes involved, does it cause single or multiple lesions, and what’s the treatment)?
HSV 1 and 2
Yes, painful
Yes LNs involved
Multiple lesions
Treat with valacyclovir
Syphilis (What’s the pathogen, is it painful, are lymph nodes involved, does it cause single or multiple lesions, and what’s the treatment)?
Treponemia pallidum
No, primary lesion is NOT painful
Yes, non-tender
Single primary chancre
Penicilin
Chancroid (What’s the pathogen, is it painful, are lymph nodes involved, does it cause single or multiple lesions, and what’s the treatment)?
H. ducreyi (“School of fish” on Gram-stain)
Painful
Draining buboes
Multiple (undetermined red borders)
Azithromycin/ ceftriaxone
LGV (What’s the pathogen, is it painful, are lymph nodes involved, does it cause single or multiple lesions, and what’s the treatment)?
Chlamydia trachomatis L1-L3 serotypes
No
Draining, tender, “groove sign”
Single
Doxycycline for 3 weeks
Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis)
(What’s the pathogen, is it painful, are lymph nodes involved, does it cause single or multiple lesions, and what’s the treatment)?
Klebsiella granulomatis
Not painful
No LN
Single beefy red lesion
Doxy for 3 weeks
What’s the inflammatory component to the outer membrane in Gram-negative organisms?
LPS (lipopolysaccharide)
Are techoic acids seen in Gram-positive or negative organisms or both?
Gram Postitive
Non-Gram staining bugs?
Campylobacter (sometimes) Mycoplasma Chlamydia Rickettsia Spirochetes Legionella
Do we treat people who are colonized without symptoms?
NO!
Exceptions: TB, N. meningitis, syphilis, etc…
Signs and symptoms of endocarditis
Fever Roth spots Splinter hemorrhages Kidney/hematuria Joints Stroke Valve failure
