ID1- Flashcards

(23 cards)

1
Q

Epidemiology

A

the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health

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2
Q

Infectious(communicable) diseases

A

are illnesses caused by pathogens that can spread from organism to organism

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3
Q

Virulence

A

the ability of an agent of infection to produce disease

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4
Q

Contagious

A

means easily transmitted from one host to another

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5
Q

To spread an infectious disease required:

A

1) an infectious agent (pathogen)
2) a host
3) a mode of transmission

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6
Q

Zoonoses

A

describe the example of the spread of a disease from animals to humans

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7
Q

pathogen

A

is defined as anything able to cause a disease within a host

bacteria, viruses (fungi, protozoa)

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8
Q

A host

A

is an organism which a pathogen infects

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9
Q

Direct contact

A

touching the affected area of the infected person -passing pathogen on to non infected person
includes: touching skin, handshake, kissing, sexual contact

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10
Q

Direct contact diseases example

A

HIV, chickenpox, herpes simplex infection

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11
Q

Indirect contact

A

Airborne diseases-inhalation of bacterial spores/ droplets
Food and water-eating/drinking contaminated food
Vector -transmission through other organisms that carry the disease
Contaminated articles- articles that become contaminated (food utensils)
Non sterile procedures- all surgeries or caring for wounds require germ free proceedures

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12
Q

Pattern of Infection-

A

1) Pathogen enters the body
2) Incubation period when the pathogen reproduces, increasing in numbers -host doesn’t show symptoms
3) Host shows symptoms of infectious disease
4) Crisis- the effect on the host is at its most severe stage from which host will either die or recover
5) Convalescence when the host recovers from the infection and the symptoms disappear

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13
Q

An infection

A

is the detrimental colonisation of a host organism by a foreign species

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14
Q

Fomite

A

inanimate object that has (the potential to have) an infectious disease

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15
Q

A host cell

A

a living cell in which a virus reproduces

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16
Q

A primary host

A

host in which parasite reaches maturity and reproduces sexually

17
Q

A reservoir host

A

can hold a pathogen with no ill effects

18
Q

A secondary (intermediate) host

A

host that holds the parasite for short time during which some development stage is completed

19
Q

Endemic Disease

A

a disease condition that is normally found in a certain percentage of a population

20
Q

Epidemic Disease

A

a disease condition that is found in a greater than usual percentage of a population

21
Q

Pandemic Disease

A

An epidemic affecting a large geographical area, often on a global scale

22
Q

Direct zoonosis

A

the disease is directly transmitted from animals to humans through air, bites.

23
Q

Reverse zoonosis

A

when humans infect animals