II: Respiratory Infections

Question 1

What is the gold standard for diagnosis of pneumonia?

Answer 1

CXR

Question 2

Antigenic ______: point mutations in genes that lead to amino acid changes that modify antigenic sites

Answer 2

drift

Question 3

Antigenic ______: radical change in HA or NA that lead to emergence of new major antigenic variants

Answer 3

shift

Question 4

How do mycoplasma reproduce?

Answer 4

Binary fission

Question 5

How is Legionella transmitted?

Answer 5

Contaminated water

Question 6

Legionella is catalase ____ and oxidase _____.

Answer 6

Positive, Positive

Question 7

Mycoplasma shows _____ morphology for most diseases but instead shows ____ in pneumonia

Answer 7

Fried egg appearance; small granular colonies

Question 8

Name 4 viral pathogens that cause both URIs and LRIs

Answer 8

RSV, Adenovirus, Influenza, Parainfluenza

Question 9

Name 4 viral pathogens that exclusively cause URIs.

Answer 9

Rhinovirus, Coronavirus, HSV, EBV

Question 10

Name an orthomyxovirus.

Answer 10

Influenza virus

Question 11

Name causes of Pneumonia seen in atypical pneumonia (3)

Answer 11

Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia

Question 12

Name causes of Pneumonia seen in children (4)

Answer 12

Viruses, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, S. pneumoniae

Question 13

Name causes of Pneumonia seen in elderly patients (5)

Answer 13

S. pneumoniae, Influenza virus, Anaerobes, H. influenzae, GNRs

Question 14

Name causes of Pneumonia seen in hospital-acquired cases (3)

Answer 14

S. aureus, Pseudomonas, GNRs

Question 15

Name causes of Pneumonia seen in neonates (2)

Answer 15

Group B Strep, E. coli

Question 16

Name causes of Pneumonia seen in older adults (5)

Answer 16

S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Anaerobes, Viruses, Mycoplasma

Question 17

Name causes of Pneumonia seen in young adults (3)

Answer 17

Mycoplasma, C. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae

Question 18

Name the 5 criteria of CURB65.

Answer 18

Confusion, Uremia, Elevated RR, BP less than 90 (systolic) or 60 (diastolic), Age over 65

Question 19

Name the pathogens often responsible for croup.

Answer 19

PIV-1, PIV-2, RSV

Question 20

Name the preferred definitive diagnostic test for Mycoplasma.

Answer 20

PCR

Question 21

Name the treatment: inpatient

Answer 21

Macrolide + 3rd Cephalosprin, Fluoroquinolone

Question 22

Name the treatment: outpatients with comorbidities

Answer 22

Macrolide + amox/clav, Fluoroquinolone

Question 23

Name the treatment: previously healthy-outpatient

Answer 23

Macrolide, Doxycycline

Question 24

Name the two most common causes of typical pneumonia

Answer 24

S. pneumoniae (1st), H. influenzae (2nd)

Question 25

Name the vaccine type for measles.

Answer 25

Live attenuated

Question 26

Name three complications of measles during pregnancy.

Answer 26

Premature labor, spontaneous abortion, low birth weight

Question 27

Name three examples of paramyxovirus.

Answer 27

Mumps, Measles, RSV

Question 28

Name three neuraminidase inhibitors.

Answer 28

Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, Peramivir

Question 29

Orthomyxovirus or paramyxovirus? (-) sense RNA

Answer 29

Both

Question 30

Orthomyxovirus or paramyxovirus? Cytoplasmic replication

Answer 30

Paramyxovirus

Question 31

Orthomyxovirus or paramyxovirus? Enveloped

Answer 31

Both

Question 32

Orthomyxovirus or paramyxovirus? Non-segmented genome

Answer 32

Paramyxovirus

Question 33

Orthomyxovirus or paramyxovirus? Nuclear replication

Answer 33

Orthomyxovirus

Question 34

Orthomyxovirus or paramyxovirus? Segmented genoma

Answer 34

Orthomyxovirus

Question 35

What causes 85% of Legionnaire's disease globally?

Answer 35

Legionella pneumophila, serotype 1

Question 36

What component is lacking in mycoplasma structure compared to other bacteria?

Answer 36

Cell wall (no peptidoglycan production)

Question 37

What toxin may be produced by mycoplasma? What is its function?

Answer 37

CARD toxin; ADP-ribosylating factor

Question 38

What type of virus is associated with SARS?

Answer 38

Coronavirus

Question 39

Which autoantibodies may be seen in the context of mycoplasma infection?

Answer 39

Cold hemagglutinins

Question 40

Which disease? Progressive, fatal neurologic disease associated with persistent measles infection

Answer 40

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

Question 41

Which factor in mycoplasma is important to attach to cells via the specialized tip structure?

Answer 41

Attachment Factor P1

Question 42

Which pathogen grows most effectively on Buffered-Charcoal Yeast Extract (BYCE)?

Answer 42

Legionella

Question 43

Which pathogen? Most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among children under 1 year of age

Answer 43

RSV

Question 44

Which pathogen? Painful swelling of parotid glands 16-18 days after infection

Answer 44

Mumps

Question 45

Which pathogen? Red maculopapular rash and Koplik's spots

Answer 45

Measles

Question 46

Which pathology? Acute, self-limited febrile illness caused by Legionella

Answer 46

Pontiac Fever

Question 47

Which type of influenza virus? Associated with animal species

Answer 47

A

Question 48

Which type of influenza virus? Can undergo antigenic shift

Answer 48

A

Question 49

Which type of influenza virus? Only cause human disease

Answer 49

B, C

Question 50

Which type of influenza virus? Targeted by vaccines

Answer 50

A, B