iii

Question 1

When the necessary data have been collected, the next step is to organize the raw data for data analysis. It 1S important that the researcher is assured of the quality of the data for accuracy, consistency, completeness and systematic arrangement to Tacilitate coding and tabulation

Answer 1

data analysis

Question 2

This type of data analysis is used when it is not clear what to expect from the data. This strategy uses numerical and visual presentations such as graphs.

Answer 2

Exploratory Data Analysis

Question 3

This type of data analysis is used to described, show or summarize data in a meaningful way. leading to a simple interpretation of data. The commonly used data analysis tools for descriptive statistics are frequency. percentage measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion

Answer 3

Descriptive Data Analysis

Question 4

Tests hypothesis about a set of data to reach conclusions or make generalizations beyond merely describing the data.
It refers to statistical measures and techniques that allow us to use samples to make generalizations about the population from which the samples were drawn.

Answer 4

inferential statistics

Question 5

test of significant difference such as t-test, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and test of relationship such as Pearson Product Moment of Correlation. Spearman rho. linear regression and chi-square test

Answer 5

Inferential statistics

Question 6

Universally used in quantitative research. Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting numerical facts, which we call data. Statistics is a set of tools used to organize and analyze aala. Dala must either be numeric in origin or translormed by researchers intO numbers.

Answer 6

Statistics Defined Statistical tests

Question 7

Enable us to understand data through summary values and graphical presentations.

Answer 7

Descriptive Statistics

Question 8

Can be illustrated understandably by presenting them graphically using statistical and data presentation tools.

Answer 8

Descriptive statistics

Question 9

Tables display numbers or words arranged in a grid. The tabular method can be used to represent data sets

Answer 9

Tabular Presentation of Data

Question 10

Show quantities represented by horizontal or vertical bars and are useful for displaying:
The activity of one thing through time.
several categories of results at once
Data sets with few observations.

Answer 10

Bar graphs or histogram

Question 11

Show proportions about a whole, with each wedge representing a percentage of the total. Pie charts are useful for displaying:
The parts of a whole in percentages
Budget, geographic, or population analysis.

Answer 11

Pie Chart or Cirele Graph

Question 12

Show sets of data points plotted over some time and connected by straight lines. Line graphs are useful for displaying:
Any set of figures that needs to be shown over time.
Results from two or more groups compared over time
Data trends over time

Answer 12

Line Graph (Polygon Method)

Question 13

Measured in three ways: Mean or Arithmetic Mean, Median, and Mode.

Answer 13

Central tendency

Question 14

Simply the average score of a distribution

Answer 14

mean

Question 15

The center or middle score within a distribution.

Answer 15

median

Question 16

The most Trequent score within a diStribution

Answer 16

Mode

Question 17

The distance between the lowest data point and the highest data point. Deviation scores are the distances between each dald point and the mean

Answer 17

range

Question 18

The square root of the variance. This calculation is useful because it allows for the same Tlexibility as variance regarding further calculations and vet also expresses
variation in the same units as the original measurements

Answer 18

Standard Deviation (SD)

Question 19

Indicates a relationship between the mean of a distribution and the data points: it is determined by averaging the sum of the squared deviations.

Answer 19

variance

Question 20

A measure or by how much each point in a frequency distribution lies above or below the mean for the entire dataset.

Answer 20

deviation score

Question 21

Measured using values between + 1.0 and -1.0. Correlations close to 0 indicate little or no relationship between two variables, while correlations close to +1.0 (or -1.0) indicate strong positive (or negative relationships

Answer 21

Correlation m

Question 22

The most common “correlation coefficient.” Interval or ratio data is required for both variables to calculate a “Pearson’s”

Answer 22

Pearson Product Moment Correlation (r)

Question 23

Tells you the magnitude and direction of the association between two variables that are on an interval or ratio scale

Answer 23

Spearman Rho correlation

Question 24

Similar to tests of correlation in that it measures the strength of associations between variables.

Answer 24

Chi-square (X3) Test

Question 25

Can be used to test associations in one or more groups, and it does this by comparing actual (observed) numbers in each group, with those that would be expected according to theory or simply bv chance.

Answer 25

The Chi-square test

Question 26

Requires that the data be expressed as frequencies. ie numbers in each category; this is the nominal level of measurement.

Answer 26

The Chi-sauare test

Question 27

Used to determine if the scores of two groups differ on a single variable.

Answer 27

A t-test

Question 28

Designed to test for the differences in mean scores. For instance, you could use it to determine whether performance differs among students in two classrooms

Answer 28

A t-test

Question 29

Most statistical tests have been designed to determine whether a treatment (IV) affects a DV. They can be used when the TV is a maninulated variable (true experiment) and when the IV represents pre-existing groups, such as gender, etc.

Answer 29

Z-Test

Question 30

A statistical test that makes a single. overall decision as to whether a significant difference is present among three or more sample means. It is similar to a t-test. However, the it can also test multiple groups to see if they differ on one or more variables. It can be used to test between-groups and within-groups differences.

Answer 30

F-Test (ANOVA)

Question 31

Highlights the salient results of the study. There should be e brief statement about the main purpose of the study.

Answer 31

Summary of Findings

Question 32

It demands that each specific question under the statement of the problem must be written irst to followed by the findings that would answer it.

Answer 32

Summary of Findings

Question 33

It is based on the findings of the study. This part does not contain number/ percentages or statistical values.

Answer 33

Conclusion

Question 34

Should appropriately answer the specific questions raised at the beginning of the investigation. Brief and short, but convey all the important information.

Answer 34

Conclusion

Question 35

Suggestions offered by the study further research, implications like policy formulation, program development, etc. Should also be based in the findings and conclusions drawn

Answer 35

recommendation