Image Artifacts

Question 1

Any undesirable OD on an image that does not properly show the anatomy being examined

Answer 1

Image artifacts

Question 2

What do look at when determining the causes?

Answer 2

patient, processing, exposure, handling & storage

Question 3

Benefits of early detection

Answer 3

• Lowered operating costs

- Minimize patient exposure to radiation

Question 4

What do you check before and after PM?

Answer 4

Cleaning of the racks and inspection of components and assemblies

Question 5

Processor artifacts

Answer 5

Emulsion pickoff, chemical fog, guide-shoe marks, guide shoe and roller scratches, wet pressure sensitization (water marks), chemical spots (dichroic stain/hyporetention)

Question 6

Occur at 3.1416 inch intervals, because of dirt or a chemical stain on roller

Answer 6

Pi Lines

Question 7

Pi lines are caused because

Answer 7

the rollers are 1 inch in diameter, 3.1416 represents one revolution of a roller, and artifact appears perpendicular to the film’s direction of travel

Question 8

Causes emulision pick- off and gelatin buildup resulting sludge deposits on the film

Answer 8

dirty rollers

Question 9

seen at leading or trailing edge of film caused by improper positioning

Answer 9

Guide shoe marks

Question 10

Over development of film resulting in excessive values on sensitometry films and OD on radiographic films

Answer 10

Chemical fog

Question 11

Chemical fog caused by

Answer 11

developer temp, time, and pH too high

Question 12

Wet- pressure sensitization AKA

Answer 12

Entrance roller marks

Question 13

Entrance rollers become wet before film is introduced, combination of pressure & water marks forms a series of dark stripes that match the grooves on rollers

Answer 13

Wet- pressure sensitization

Question 14

Where are wet pressure sensitzation produced?

Answer 14

developer tank

Question 15

For Wet- pressure sensitization irregular or dirty rollers produces:

Answer 15

small circular patterns of increased OD

Question 16

Dichroic stain AKA

Answer 16

Curtain effect

Question 17

2 colors of Dichroic stains and what caused them

Answer 17

Brownish color- caused by oxidized developer

Greenish-yellow caused by incomplete fixation

Question 18

caused by incomplete washing

Answer 18

hyporetention

Question 19

plus-density

Answer 19

darker than the background

Question 20

Minus-density

Answer 20

lighter than the background

Question 21

Plus density caused by application of physical pressure on the film :

Answer 21

after it was was exposed

Question 22

Minus density caused by application of physical pressure on the film

Answer 22

before it was was exposed

Question 23

Plus density caused by:

Answer 23

• poor film handling
• poor loading techniques
• dropping or bending of film before feeding it into the processing

Question 24

Plus density caused during the

Answer 24

developer stage

Question 25

Minus density caused by:

Answer 25

- poor film handling - poor loading techniques - by dirt or dust in the cassette

Question 26

Minus density occurs before:

Answer 26

the fixing or washing stage

Question 27

Exposure artifacts

Answer 27

Motion, heat blur, double exposure, improper patient position, poor film to screen contact, grid lines, grid cutoff, moire effect (zerbra pattern)

Question 28

Moire effect

Answer 28

double set of grid lines, more in MRI

Question 29

handling and storage artifacts

Answer 29

Light fog, radiation fog, static, kink marks, scratches, dirty cassettes

Question 30

Safelight/ radiation fog caused by

Answer 30

- Temperature or humidity too high - filter bin not properly shielded from radiation - Safelight too bright - film left in room during addtional exposures

Question 31

-Streaks of increased OD

Answer 31

- the darkroom or cassette has white-light leaks - Light of any improper color that strikes the film before development fogs the film - lowers image contrast

Question 32

Kink marks

Answer 32

- Improper handling of film | - Stacking film too high (not positioned on end)

Question 33

what are the 3 kinds of static artifacts?

Answer 33

crown, tree, smudge marks

Question 34

Static caused by

Answer 34

temperature or humidity too low