Images Flashcards
1
Q
A
Aphthous Stomatitis
(Canker sore)
- Tx: Good oral hygiene, symptom relief (topical lidocaine), and/or avoidance of exacerbating factors (e.g. braces or habitual cheek biting)
2
Q
A
Allergic Rhinitis
(Transverse Nasal Crease)
- 2/2 “allergic salute”
3
Q
A
HSV-1 Gingivostomatitis
- Orolabial herpes
- Often the first presentation of primary HSV-1 infection
- Inflammation of the oral muscoa & gingiva
4
Q
A
Leukoplakia
(precancerous SCC)
- Smoking, drinking, +/- other SCC risk factors
- Does not scrape off like candida
5
Q
A
Lymphedema
(Disruption of lymphatics)
- Tx: Weight loss, elevation & compression, & physiotherapy (e.g. lymphatic drainage by massage)
6
Q
A
Oral Candidiasis
(oral thrush)
- DM
- HIV/imcx
- Glucocorticoids (e.g. long term asthma tx)
- Abx
7
Q
A
PJP
- Patches of ground-glass opacity
- Cystic lesions
- Reticulation
- Septal thickening
8
Q
A
PJP
- Patches of ground-glass opacity
- Cystic lesions
- Reticulation
- Septal thickening
9
Q
A
Pancoast tumor
(SST–Superior Sulcus Tumor)
- P/w Horner syndrome (ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis; sympathetic nerve fiber injury)
10
Q
A
ARDS
11
Q
A
Asbestos
(Pleural plaques on CXR)
12
Q
A
Aspergilloma
- Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis - usually superimposed onto apical cavitary TB
- Halo sign (surrounding ground-glass opacities) on CXR
- Invasive aspergillosis - occurs in imcx setting (e.g. neutropenia, glucocorticoids, HIV)
- +galactomannan, +ß-D-glucan
- Tx: Voriconazole ± casopofungin (an echinocandin)
13
Q
A
Lung cancer
(Left)
- Central: SCC or SCLC
- Peripheral: Adenocarcinoma or LCC
14
Q
A
PJP
- Small pneumatocoeles and/or subpleural blebs (random scattered black pockets overlaying diffuse reticular pattern on CXR)
- Fine, reticular interstitial pattern
- Often perihilar distribution
- Ground-glass on HRCT
15
Q
A
Pleural Effusion
(2/2 Empyema in HIV pt)
- Exudative = high protein, high LDH
- Complicated = low glucose, low pH
- Empyema = Exudative & Complicated parapneumonic effusion
- Causes of exudative: IMP: Infection, Malignancy, PE
16
Q
A
Aspergilloma
- Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis - usually superimposed onto apical cavitary TB
- Halo sign (surrounding ground-glass opacities) on CXR
- Invasive aspergillosis - occurs in imcx setting (e.g. neutropenia, glucocorticoids, HIV)
- +galactomannan, +ß-D-glucan
- Tx: Voriconazole ± casopofungin (an echinocandin)
17
Q
A
Bacterial PNA
18
Q
A
Aspergilloma
- Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis - usually superimposed onto apical cavitary TB
- Halo sign (surrounding ground-glass opacities) on CXR
- Invasive aspergillosis - occurs in imcx setting (e.g. neutropenia, glucocorticoids, HIV)
- +galactomannan, +ß-D-glucan
- Tx: Voriconazole ± casopofungin (an echinocandin)
19
Q
A
Pancoast tumor
(SST–Superior Sulcus Tumor)
- P/w Horner syndrome (ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis; sympathetic nerve fiber injury)
20
Q
A
Lung Abscess
(Cavity w/ Air-Fluid Level; Thick-walled)
21
Q
A
PE
(CT w/ contrast)
- Shows pulmonary artery filling defect, which indicates acute PE
22
Q
A
TB
(Reactivation TB)
23
Q
A
PE
24
Q
A
COPD
25
**Mesothelioma**
(Pleural thickening w/ effusion)
* Adeno- still more common w/ asbestos exposure
26
**Alveolar bleb rupture from COPD**
(**SSP**: Secondary Spontaneous PTX)
* UL decreased breath sounds in pts with known COPD or CF
* Hyper-resonance on percussion
* Smoking
* Destruction of alveolar sacs \> formation of large alveolar blebs \> rupture, leaking _air into pleural space_
27
**Cryptogenic Organizing PNA**
| (BL ground glass infiltrates)
28
**Lung Cancer**
| (Malignancy)
29
**PE**
(**Wedge-shaped**, pleural-based opacification)
30
**Pulmonary Fibrosis**
(ILD)
* Honeycombing
* If 2/2 Rx: **ABBMNR**
* **A**miodarone
* **B**usulfan
* **B**leomycin
* **M**TX
* **N**itrofurantoin
* **R**adiation
31
**Lobar PNA**
32
**Asbestosis**
| (Pleural Plaques)
33
**PTX**
34
**PTX**
35
**Superior Sulcus Tumor**
(Pancoast Tumor)
* P/w Horner syndrome (ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis)
36
50M presents to ED w/ fevers, cough, hypoxia
**Severe CAP**
(Left hemithorax white-out)
* Tx: CAP **CAM** = **C**TX + **A**zithromycin
* or: **M**oxifloxacin
37
55F
**Lobar PNA** (RLL)
38
48F
**Lobar PNA** (RLL)
39
**Lobar PNA** (RUL)
40
**Lobar PNA** (RML)
41
**Lobar PNA** (RML)
42
1
**SVC**
43
2
**Ascending Aorta**
44
3
**Main Pulmonary Artery**
45
4
**L Pulmonary Artery**
46
5
**Descending Aorta**
47
6
**Thoracic Duct**
48
7
**Azygos Vein**
* Runs up thoracic vertebral column from lumbar region and drains into SVC just above RA
49
8
**Esophagus**
50
9
**R Pulmonary Artery**
51
A
**Stomach**
52
C
Gallbladder
53
E
**Duodenum**
54
F
**Portal Vein**
* Always next to IVC
* Drains INTO liver from small intestine (**SMV**), large intestine (**IMV**), and spleen (**splenic vein**)
* Formed by the superior mesenteric vein, inferior mesenteric vein, and splenic vein
55
H
**Descending Colon**
56
**GBM**
(Grade IV Astrocytoma)
* Classic appearance on MRI imaging
* Risk factors: Neurofibromatosis, Li Fraumeni syndrome, previous radiation therapy
* Tx: Surgery, HD Steroids, Temozolomide (CTX)
* High recurrence rate, low survival
* Differs from Grade III in that it has:
* _necrotizing_ tissue
* _anaplastic_ cells (no differentiation)
* _hyperplastic_ blood vessels (proliferative)
57
**GBM**
(Grade IV Astrocytoma)
* Classic appearance on MRI imaging
* Risk factors: Neurofibromatosis, Li Fraumeni syndrome, previous radiation therapy
* Tx: Surgery, HD Steroids, Temozolomide (CTX)
* High recurrence rate, low survival
* Differs from Grade III in that it has:
* _necrotizing_ tissue
* _anaplastic_ cells (no differentiation)
* _hyperplastic_ blood vessels (proliferative)
58
**Epidural Hematoma**
(Biconvex)
* _Middle Meningeal Artery_ rupture
* Often w/ skull fracture
59
**Subdural Hematoma**
(Bridging Vein Rupture)
* Elderly, hx of fall, delayed sx
60
**Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)**
(Aneurysm rupture 2/2 HTN or vascular disease)
* Suspect SAH if HA reaches _peak, severe_ intensity within _seconds_ of onset or causes LOC
* If CT negative but still suspect, and low suspicion for IIP, do LP
* CSF:
* Xanthochromia
* Numerous RBCs
* Elevated Pressure
