Ophthomology Flashcards
Leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide
Trachoma
(Chlamydia trachomatis serotype A-C; genital infections are caused by serotypes D-K)
- Most common in children; seen in refugee camps; transmitted via contact or flies
- Painless follicular conjunctivitis (white-yellow follicles on inflamed upper tarsal conjunctivae) that p/w mild eye redness watering, and itching.
- Tx = Azithromycin for entire community
- Repeated or chronic infection (cicatricial phase) leads to scarring of the eyelids and inversion of the eyelashes (trichiasis). Over time, the lashes rub the eye, causing painful ulcerations and eventually blindness.
Orbital tissue expansion of the eyes describes the pathology of what disease?
Graves Ophthalmopathy (Graves Disease)
- Lid lad
- Proptosis
- Diplopia
- Exophthalmos w/ impaired extraocular motion due to T cell activation and stimulation of orbital fibroblasts & adipocytes by TRAB (TSH-Receptor Abs), resulting in orbital tissue expansion and lymphocytic infiltration.
Ectopia lentis (lens dislocation) following minimal or no trauma should prompt evaluation for _____
Marfan Syndrome
- Echocardiography to detect associated aortic root disease
Acute corneal injury caused by UV light exposure in the absence of UV-protective eyewear
Photokeratitis
(basically ocular sunburn)
- Wear sunglasses
- Treat symptomatically w/ oral analgesics + lubrication w/ topical abx like erythromycin
- Sx resolve in 1-3d
- Usually p/w surrounding sunburn around face
- Dx confirmed w/ fluorescein staining of punctate defects on BL corneas
- UV radiation can lead to other sequelae such as pterygium or cataracts
Aqueous humor obstruction
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)
Optic nerve injury
MCC of eye discharge in infants
Dacryostenosis
(Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction [NLD])
- Tx: Lacrimal sac massage w/ downward pressure performed several times daily to open the duct.
- Most spontaneously resolve in the first few months of life; if persists beyond 6mo, ophtho eval for surgical tx (NLD probing)
Esotropia
Inward conversion of eye
(when one or both eyes cross toward your nose)
Optic pathway gliomas are associated with
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Itching or burning of the eyelids, discharge, crusting of the eyelashes in the morning, eyelid swelling & redness, and foreign body sensation in the eye; can p/w seborrheic dermatitis
Blepharitis
(eyelid inflammation)
[Greek, from blepharon, eyelid.]
Ophthomologic condition seen in MS pts
Optic neuritis
(Dx: optic disc edema on fundoscopy)
Anisocoria
Unequal pupils
Biggest risk of Hyphema (collection of blood in anterior chamber of eye that develops following blunt or penetrating ocular trauma)
Intraocular Hypertension
(↑IOP)
Fluorescein uptake followed by clearing in a waterfall pattern (Seidel sign)
Full-thickness corneal laceration with OGI (Open Globe Injury)
- When just localized fluorescein uptake = diagnostic of corneal abrasion
Chlamydial conjunctivitis presentation window and Tx?
5-14d
Oral Erythromycin
