imaging

Question 1

when to get imaging

Answer 1

if the outcome of the x ray has the potential to alter treatment

Question 2

what can podiatrists refer for

Answer 2

x rays of the foot, knee, leg and femur
us of the foot

covered by medicare

Question 3

limitations of x rays

Answer 3

radiation
poor visualisation of soft tissue
poor detection of early diagnosis

Question 4

pros of x rays

Answer 4

bulk billed
can be weight bearing
good visualisation of bone/calcification

Question 5

limitations of US

Answer 5

not first line for fractures
may have out of pocket expense

Question 6

pros of us

Answer 6

no radiation
good at visualising soft tissue, calcification, bone cortex
seen in real time and move patient
doppler for inflammation

Question 7

what tool can you use to communicate x ray harms and benefits with patients

Answer 7

x ray risk calculator

Question 8

which imaging most likely to use has radiation

Answer 8

x rays

Question 9

ottawa ankle rules

Answer 9

bone tenderness at medial/lateral mall
or unable to walk straight after injury or in clinic

Question 10

ottawa foot rule

Answer 10

bone tenderness of nacivular or styloid process

or cant walk

Question 11

ottawa specificity and sensitivity

Answer 11

high sensitivity for fractures (97.8%) but low specificity

good at telling if someone has a fracture but not very sensitivte to where

Question 12

evaluating x rays for arthritis

Answer 12

A-alignment
B-bone density
C-calcification/cartilage spaces
D-distribution
E-erosion
S-soft tissue swelling

Question 13

evaluating x rays

Answer 13

alignment
bone density
cartilage spaces
soft tissues

Question 14

if you suspect fracture or coalition

Answer 14

x ray first line

Question 15

foot series x ray

Answer 15

1. AP (top of foot)
2. medial oblique (lateral foot 45 deg)- good for calcaneonavicular coalition
3. and lateral if requested - medial foot, bones superimposed on eachother

Question 16

what x rays would you get for a fracture of the metatarsals 3-5

Answer 16

foot
medial oblique and AP

Question 17

what x rays for fractures of mets 1-2

Answer 17

foot
AP and lateral oblique

Question 18

what x ray for calcaneonavicular coalition

Answer 18

foot
medial oblique
lateral (WB or not)

Question 19

what x ray for talocalcaneal coalition

Answer 19

foot
lateral (WB or not)
harris beath

Question 20

what x ray for lisfranc fracture

Answer 20

foot
PD
DP
lateral oblique

Question 21

what x rays for calc fracture or heel spurs

Answer 21

calc
lateral
axial

Question 22

x ray for talar dome lesion

Answer 22

AP
medial oblique (mortise)
lateral

Question 23

x ray for knee OA

Answer 23

AP and lateral

Question 24

x ray for toe fracture

Answer 24

AP
medial oblique
lateral

Question 25

x ray for sesamoid fracture

Answer 25

toe(sesamoid) axial - holly method

Question 26

coalitions present in what age and why

Answer 26

asymptomatic until ossficiation in the tarsal bones occur around 12-16years old

Question 27

treatment for coalition

Answer 27

1. NSAIDs 2. orthoses (cast as it lies, high heel cup - control inversion/eversion of ankle) or footwear with neutral shoe (brooks ghost) and/ or ankle support 3. immobilisation 4. surgery

Question 28

primary ossification centres and when they appear by

Answer 28

born with calc, talus, mets, phalanges, cuboid lateral cuneiform- 1st year medial cuneform- 3rd year intermediate cunefirom - 4th year navicular - 4 year growth plates/secondary ossification centres at 3 years navicular, mets and pahalnges at 5 years calcaneal

Question 29

what age are the bones in the foot formed/fused

Answer 29

18