Medications

Question 1

-Pril
1. Class
2. Indications
3. Examples
4. MOA

Answer 1

1. ACE inhibitor
2. Hypertension, post MI (heart attack), diabetic nephropathy, chronic HF
3. Ramipril, perindopril
4. Block Ang 1 to Ang 2 = reduces BP

Question 2

-Sartan
1. Class’
2. Indications
3. MOA
4. Examples

Answer 2

Ang 2 antagonist
Hypertension, HF
Block ang 1 receptors from binding to ang 2= reduced blood pressure
Losartan, Valsartan, candesartan

Question 3

-Dipine
1. Class
2. Indications
3. MOA
4. Examples

Answer 3

CCB
HT, angina (heart attack)
Block current of calcium in vascular smooth muscle= reduced vascular resistance
Amlodipine, felodipine

Question 4

-Olol

Answer 4

Beta blocker
HT, angina (heart attack), AF, HF
Block adrenaline, noradrenaline effects on beta receptors
Metoprolol

Question 5

-Statin
Class
Indications
Moa
Examples

Answer 5

1. HMG -COA reductase inhibitor
2. Dyslipidaemia/ high cholesterol/ high risk of coronary HD (heart attack)
3. Blocks HMG-COA reductase which reduces production of cholesterol and increases uptake into liver
4. Atorvastatin, rosuvastatin

Question 6

Warfarin
1. Class
2. Indications
3. MOA

Answer 6

1. Vitamin K antagonist
2. Prevents thromboembolism
3. Inhibits vitamin K clotting factors

Question 7

-Ban

Answer 7

1. Factor Xa inhibitors
2. Prevent venous thrombosis
3. Inhibit FXA, blocking thrombin, fibrin and thrombosis
4. Rivaroxaban, alpixaban

Question 8

Dabigatran

Answer 8

Direct thrombin inhibitor
Prevents venous thrombosis
Inhibits thrombin, fibrin, clotting/thrombosis

Question 9

Aspirin Low dose

Answer 9

Antiplatelet
Prevents heart attack
Irreversibly inhibits COX

Question 10

Clopidogrel

Answer 10

Antiplatelet
Prevents heart attack
Binds to platelets ADP receptor to inhibit platelet aggregation

Question 11

Non dihydropyridine CCB

Answer 11

1. Verapamil
2. Dilitazem

Question 12

Hypothyroidism medications

Answer 12

1. Liothyronine (T3)
2. THYROXINE (T4)

Question 13

Hyperthyroidism medications

Answer 13

1. Carbimazole
2. Propylthiouracil

Question 14

T1DM medications

Answer 14

1. Basal insulin (insulin glargine)- injected once/day without food
2. Bolus insulin (insulin aspart)-injected before meals

Question 15

Metformin
1. Class
2. Indications
3. MOA

Answer 15

1. Biguanides
2. T2DM
   3.Reduces carb absorption, increases insulin sensitivity/uptake into tissues, reduces glucose production

Question 16

Gli-
1. Class
2. Indications
3. Moa

Answer 16

1. Sulfonylureas
2. T2DM
3. Increase pancreatic insulin secretion (independent of food)

Question 17

-Gliptin

Answer 17

1. DPP-4 inhibitor
2. T2DM
3. Inhibits DDP4 to increase incretins which increases glucose dependent insulin secretion

Question 18

-Gliflozin

Answer 18

1. SGLT2 inhibitor
2. Increases glucose excretion via urine

Question 19

-tide

Answer 19

1. GLP1 analogue
2. T2DM
3. Increase glucose dependent insulin secretion

Question 20

-azapam

Answer 20

1. Benzodiazepams
   Indicated in insomnia, anxiety

Question 21

-tidine

Answer 21

Non sedating antihistamines
Indicated in allergic rhinitis

Question 22

-prazole

Answer 22

1. Proton pump inhibitor
2. Indicated in GORD, Peptic ulcer, reflux, dyspepsia
   Examples: esomeprazole

Question 23

heparin MOA

Answer 23

injection that inhibits coagulation by activation of antithrombin III

Question 24

Aspirin indicated in, MOA

Answer 24

prevents ischaemic heart disease

reduces production of prostaglandins and thromboxane A2 (which is responsible for platelet aggregration) by irreversibly inactivating COX1 enzyme

Question 25

clopidogrel indications and moa

Answer 25

IHD inhibits platelet response to adenosine biphosphate which inhibits platelet aggregation

Question 26

DMARDs

Answer 26

suppress overactive immune system which reduces inflammation and joint damage

Question 27

azole indications MOA examples

Answer 27

antifungal fungistatic - interrupts sythenesis from lanosterol to ergosterol bifconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole itrazonazole fluconazole

Question 28

allylamine

Answer 28

antifungal fungicidal- interrupts sythenesis with an increase in squalene within cell membrane and deficiency of ergosterol terbinafine

Question 29

-one

Answer 29

aldosterone antagonists (MRA) indicated in HF excretes sodium and water and retains potassium spironolactone eplerenone

Question 30

sacubirtril with valsartan

Answer 30

ARNI indicated in HFrEF

Question 31

-ide

Answer 31

loop diuretic inidicated in oedema due to HF, renal impairment inhibits reabsorption of sodium, chloride which reduces fluid volume/pressure frusemide, bumetanide

Question 32

-nitrate

Answer 32

angina vasodilation of coronary vessels glyceryl trinitrate, isosorbide ononitrate

Question 33

non selective NSAIDs

Answer 33

pain, inflammation inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting COX1 and COX2 aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, indomethacin

Question 34

selective NSAIDs

Answer 34

pain, inflammation inhibit COX2 celecoxib, meloxicam

Question 35

paracetamol

Answer 35

mild-mod pain and fever moa- unsure

Question 36

cef-

Answer 36

cephalosporin bacteria infection bactericidal- interfere with cell wall synthesis and cause cell lysis cefalexin

Question 37

-mycin

Answer 37

lincosamides bacterial infection of superficial skin bacteriostatic- inhibit protein sythensis clindamycin, lincomycin

Question 38

-icillin

Answer 38

penicillin bacterial infection bactericidal- interfere with cell wall synthesis and causes cell lysis amoxicillin, ampicillin, flucoxacillin

Question 39

-cycline

Answer 39

tetracycline bacterial infection bacteriastatic- inhibit protein sythenesis doxycycline