Medical conditions

Question 1

anaemia

Answer 1

low haemoglobin/red blood cells

less oxygen available for body tissues and rogans

Question 2

haemophilia

Answer 2

genetic bleeding disorder due to lack of clotting factors

two types
A- deficiency in factor VIII
B- “ in factor IX

Question 3

factor V leiden

Answer 3

mutated gene that is resistant to degradation

this results in excessive coagulation cascade and thrombosis

Question 4

lymphoma

Answer 4

malignant white cells in the reticuloendothelial and lymphatic systems

Question 5

type 1 diabetes

Answer 5

autoimmune disorder
destruction of pancreatic beta cells which is responsible for insulin production

Question 6

type 2 diabetes

Answer 6

insulin resistance due to insensitivity of receptor cells

Question 7

osteoporosis

Answer 7

imbalance between bone resorption (osteoclasts) and bone formation (osteoblasts)

Question 8

osteomalacia / rickets

Answer 8

weakened bone due to lack of mineralisation

rickets- young children

both due to vitamin d deficiency

Question 9

CMT

Answer 9

genetic disorder of motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy
slowly progressive

Question 10

EDS

Answer 10

genetic disorder of collagen causing hypermobility in the body’s connective tissue

Question 11

CP

Answer 11

brain injury which causes impaired voluntary movement

Question 12

spina bifida

Answer 12

birth defect of the neural tube that forms the spinal cord, it does not close properly during foetal development

Question 13

guillian barre syndrome

Answer 13

autoimmune disorder where the body attacks the peripheral nerves - triggered after infection

Question 14

OA

Answer 14

breakdown of cartilage

Question 15

RA

Answer 15

autoimmune
immune system attacks synovial membrane in joints which causes inflammation and can lead to irreversible damage to cartilage

Question 16

gout

Answer 16

inflammatory arthritis caused by hyperuricaemia and uric acid crystals

Question 17

septic arthritis

Answer 17

bacterial infection of the synovial space of joints

Question 18

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 18

autoimmune condition and the bodys immune system attacks the spine causing chronic inflammation which progresses to joint fusion

Question 19

scleroderma

Answer 19

autoimmune where body;s immune sytem attacks with overproduction of collagen, causing skin and connective tissue to become hard and tight.

Question 20

raynauds phenomonon

Answer 20

hyperactivation of sympathetic nervous system causing vasoconstriciton of peripheral blood vessels. this causes tissue hypoxia

Question 21

systemic lupus erythamatous or lupus

Answer 21

autoimmune condition which causes inflammation on connective tissue

Question 22

dyslipididaemia

Answer 22

abnormal levels of lipids in the bloodstream

Question 23

hypertension

Answer 23

sustained elevation of blood pressure

Question 24

CAD

Answer 24

impairment of blood flow through the coronary arteries (to the heart)

Question 25

heart failure

Answer 25

ventricular dusfunction types- heart failure with reduced ejection fraction - can't pump well HF with preserved ejection fraction- can't fill well

Question 26

Artial fibrilation

Answer 26

rapid and irregular arrhythmia of the hearts upper chambers

Question 27

PAD

Answer 27

blockage within the peripheral arteries to the extremities

Question 28

peripheral venous disease / venous insufficiency

Answer 28

impaired venous return to the heart

Question 29

DVT

Answer 29

clotting of the deep vein caused by stasis, hypercoaguable state and endothelial dysfunction

Question 30

Jia

Answer 30

Autoimmune inflammation of synovial joints in people under 16