Imaging and Oncology

Question 1

Most common imaging. Uses ionizing radiation.

Answer 1

xrays

Question 2

Good for bones, kidney/gallstones, lungs. Not as good for soft tissues and brain

Answer 2

xrays

Question 3

Most common location for bone lesions

Answer 3

metaphysis

Question 4

What does stippled calcification on xray indicate?

Answer 4

cartilage

Question 5

What does ground glass appearance of bone on xray indicate?

Answer 5

fibrous dysplasia

Question 6

T/F if you see a lesion surrounded by a reactive cortical rim, the lesion is most likely malignant

Answer 6

false it is most likely benign

Question 7

Can differentiate structures of close physical density. Eliminates superimposition of organs. Show calcified and hemorrhagic lesions. Can be shown in multiple planes or even as a 3D image

Answer 7

CT scans

Question 8

Good for evaluation of masses in the chest, screening for colorectal tumors, intracranial neoplasms, and staging abdominal cancer

Answer 8

CT scans

Question 9

Usually done with CT. Requires bowel prep, no need for sedation, cannot do biopsies

Answer 9

virtual colonoscopy

Question 10

Continuous X-rays used to obtain real time moving images of internal structures. Can use to help guide fine needle biopsies. Prolonged procedures can lead to skin burns. Small cancer risk

Answer 10

fluoroscopy

Question 11

uses low energy xrays to generate images

Answer 11

mammography

Question 12

T/F normal breast tissue has masses

Answer 12

true it isn’t homogenous

Question 13

Cause of most abnormal mammogram findings

Answer 13

benign changes

Question 14

Radio-isotope is injected intravenously. 3 hours later the patient is scanned with a gamma camera. Provides a 2 dimensional image

Answer 14

Bone scans

Question 15

Measures bone metabolism or remodeling

Answer 15

bone scans

Question 16

What will arthritis look like on bone scan?

Answer 16

hot spots around joints

Question 17

Especially useful in lymphomas and lung cancers

Answer 17

PET scans

Question 18

Can marrow replacing tumors be visualized on bone scans?

Answer 18

they are cold (unseen) until cortical disruption occurs

Question 19

Detects active, rapidly growing tumors. Used to detect metastatic disease. assess response to cancer treatment

Answer 19

PET scans

Question 20

Good for small spinal lesions (osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma)

Answer 20

SPECT scan

Question 21

Type of MRI where water is dark, fat is bright

Answer 21

T1 scans

Question 22

Type of MRI where water is bright and fat is dark

Answer 22

T2 scans

Question 23

MRI that is better at detecting tumors and infarcts

Answer 23

T2

Question 24

improve visibility of structures, especially small tumors that don’t cause much edema

Answer 24

contrast agents (usually gadolinium)

Question 25

High frequency sound waves. Reflect an echo off of tissues. Usually seen as 2D image

Answer 25

Ultrasound

Question 26

Recommended for 30 pack year smoking h/o

Answer 26

low dose CT

Question 27

Best means to find early curable cancers - cancers too small to be detected by touch in the breasts.

Answer 27

Mammograms

Question 28

Only breast screening found to decrease mortality

Answer 28

mammography

Question 29

Describe the stages of tumors

Answer 29

0-in situ. 1-localized. 2-early locally advanced. 3- late locally advanced. IV-metastatic

Question 30

Where are mets of the spine usually seen on xrays?

Answer 30

base of pedicles (winking owl sign)

Question 31

Best predictor of survival after cancer treatment

Answer 31

PET scans

Question 32

How would you work up a 1 cm nodule in healthy 40 y/o male, former smoker – hit in right chest by a softball?

Answer 32

PET scan (30% chance of being malignant)