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Fall Semester DPT > Imaging Introduction > Flashcards

Imaging Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 reasons to study imaging as a PT?

  1. Adds to….?
  2. Assist with…?
    - ex: motion barriers (bone spur)
    - ex: WB/functional levels (bony callus)
    - ex: bone stimulator
  3. Contributes to….?
  4. Better….
A
  1. examination and evaluation
  2. intervention
  3. prognosis
  4. communication with involved parties
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2
Q

Which imaging device is typically the first image performed?

A

radiograph

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3
Q

A major advantage for a radiograph is being most efficient for….?

A

the initial assessment of bone or joint abnormality

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4
Q

A major disadvantage for a radiograph is being limited for…. ?

A

complex and subtle bony abnormalities

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5
Q

A radiograph is commonly referred to as _________, _________, or ___-______

A

plain films, films, or x-rays

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6
Q

At least ___ images at ______° are needed to view all 3 dimenisions for a radiograph

A

2; 90

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7
Q

__________ typically have irregular edges, whereas _________ bones have smooth round edges

A

fractures; sesamoid

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8
Q

A. ?
B. ?
C. ?

A

A. fracture
B. fracture
C. sesamoid bone

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9
Q

The routine for radiographic exam is…

a __________ of position and views

minimize ________ exposure

has a projection of __-_____ beams
- AP> ____

lateral

oblique

A

standardization

radial

x-ray

PA

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10
Q

Process of an x-ray:

X-ray beam enters the ______

It is absorbed by __________ at differing amounts

It produces a shade of ______

Lastly, the x-ray beam emerges from the patient onto an ________ ________ or image receptor

A

body

tissues

gray

interpretation device

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11
Q

Understanding the radiograph:

It is the inverse relationship between ________ and _________ density

A

radiodensity; radiograph

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12
Q

Radiograph colors

Air is _______

Fat and bone marrow- ____/_____

Water; muscle and soft tissue- _____

Bone- _____

Contrast dyes- _________

Metal- ________

A

black

black/gray

gray

white

bright white

solid white

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13
Q

Radiograph Colors

  1. ?
  2. ?
  3. ?
  4. ?
A
  1. Air
  2. Fat
  3. Water
  4. Bone
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14
Q

With a radiograph viewing, structures that are closer to the receptor are….?

A. more accurate
B. less accurate

A

A

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15
Q

Place on viewer as if patient is facing ______, except _____/_____ images face up

A

you; toes/fnger

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16
Q

PA projection is better for viewing ________ structures

A

anterior

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17
Q

AP projection is better for viewing ________ structures

A

posterior

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18
Q

The _________ view of a radiograph is hands and feet viewed with toes or fingers pointing up

A

lateral

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19
Q

With a radiograph, you should identify at least _____ markers

A

2

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20
Q

Example of a anteroposterior graph

A

Example of a anteroposterior graph

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21
Q

What are the ABCS of radiographs?

A

A- alignment
B- bone density
C- cartilage space
D- soft tissues

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22
Q

__________ with the ABCs is general architecture/anatomy- size, number of bones, etc.

A

Alignment

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23
Q

With alignment, the general contour includes

  1. 2.
    3.
A

Spurs
Breaks
Markings

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24
Q

L picture

A.
B.

R picture

A.
B.
C.

A

L picture

A. humeral growth plates

B. avulsion fx

R picture

A. scapular ridge

B. GH fossa

C. humeral head

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25
26
______ _______ is the contrast between bone and other tissue
bone density
27
_______ bone is the outer layer of bone and predominately in appendicular skeleton
cortical
28
_______ bone is denser and whiter
cortical
29
________ bone is interspersed within marrow and predominantly in axial skeleton
cancellous
30
_______ bone is less desnse and grayer
cancellous
31
What is an example of texture/local density with bone density?
sclerotic changes
32
______ _______ are increased bone density- may be abnormal or normal
sclerotic changes
33
34
35
With _______ ________ it involves narrowing
cartilage spaces
36
___________ bone sclerosis (body is trying to repair damaged bone) and erosion
Subchondral
37
________ _________ are involved with position, size, and smooth margin
epiphyseal plates
38
osteophytes
39
40
41
Soft tissue components on a radiograph: _______ wasting/edema ____ ______ displacement ________ effusion
muscle fat pad capsular
41
42
43
With soft tissue, the ____________ bone is covering that shows up as a soft tissue shadow
periosteum
44
With the periosteum... _______- a slow growth of healing or infection _______ or _______ - layered stress _______ or _______- breakthrough due to tumor
solid laminated or layered spiculated or pointed
45
What are the other 3 common MSK imaging?
1. Comuted Tomography (CT) 2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 3. Ultrasoung (US) Imaging
46
____'s are images generated by computerized and targeted x-rays passing through slices of tissue (.1 to 10 mm. thick)
CT
47
What are the major adavntages of a CT? ______ overlap of structures due to slicing Able to locate subtle _____ _______
LESS; bone changes
48
What are major disadvantages of CT? ________ radiation exposure but getting faster and safer Limited with _____ _______ abnormalities
Greater; soft tissue
49
_____'s may be used with contrast agents for even more detail
CT
50
Which medical imaging device is standard modality for head and abdominal trauma,in the ER due to shorter scanning times and quick availability?
CT
51
A ______ is quicker than a MRI and US
CT
52
With a CT, you should start with a ______ image
Scout
53
With a ______ image, you should locate specific slice position and image
CT
54
a. scout or slice film? b. scout or slice film?
a. Scout b. Slice
55
With transverse plane slices, the patient is in _______ position so the _______ surface is at the top of each image slice
supine; anterior
55
With transverse plane slices, looking upward at the anatomic structures from below so your _____ is the patient’s _____
right; left
56
With sagittal plane slices, it is viewed from _____ to ______
left; right
57
With a CT, the _______ density is like x-ray regarding shades
tissue
58
degenerative changes of the left C3/4 facet joint
59
_____'s are strong magnetic fields with radiofrequency waves
MRI
60
What are the similarities with CT's Generates ______ slices May also be used with ______ agents for even more detail
thin; contrast
61
An _______ has less overlap like CT with slicing
MRI
62
Excellent qualities for MRI _____ ______ abnormalities _______ bone/bone marrow conditions
soft tissue cancellous
63
With MRI's, it can read _______ and staging ______
neoplasms; metastasis
64
With MRI's, it can read ___________ lesions
osteochondral
65
MRI fx: early/less severe fractures are at the _________ late/severe fractures are in the ________ bone
periosteum cancellous
66
Left picture is what kind of fx? Right picture is what kind of fx?
Left- Grade I Right- Grade IV
67
With ______'s it has no radiation like CT (high) and x-ray (low)
MRI
68
Which medical image has a high resolution?
MRI
69
Major disadvantages of MRI Contraindiactions with ______ implants except for stable ______ implants
magnetic; joint
70
Which medical imaging device is a precaution with claustrophobia?
MRI
71
Left picture-? Right picture-?
Scout image Slice image
72
With a MRI, you should look for what known areas 1st? ....
normal fluid
73
With an MRI, if the fluid is bright, it is a _____ image
T2
74
With an MRI, if the fluid is dark, it is a _____ image
T1
75
A. ? B. ? C. ?
a. spinal cord b. cerebrospinal fluid c. L5, S1
76
With a T1 image... it has bright signals from the ___ and ____ _____ dark signals from the _______ bone and ______ BEST for demonstrating ________ definition of structure
fat/bone marrow cortical/fluid anatomical
77
With a T2 image... bright signals occur from ______ and _______ BEST for demonstrating _________ and neoplasms particularly in ________ bone _______ and _________ have an intermediate signal and often gray with both T1 and T2- weighted images
fluid/water swelling/cancellous nerve/muscle
78
79
Which fx is this?
calcaneous
80
___________ waves are absorbed, reflected, and diffused differently from varying tissues to construct an image
ultrasound
81
Which medical imaging device offers real time informtion from SUPERFICIAL tissues?
ultrasound
82
Which medical imaging device provides higher resolution for SUPERFICIAL tendon, ligament, and muscle than MRI?
ultrasound
83
Disadvantages of ultrasound or sonography... inability to scan ________ joint structures image quality is highly dependent on _______
deeper; operator
84
(brighter or darker?) signal indicates swelling, tendinosis (fibrosis/degeneration), aka hyperechoic appearance
brighter
85
With ultrasounds, __________ borders or lack of structure indicate tears
irregular
86
With ultrasounds, (narrow or widening) structures indicates swelling, thickening?
widening
87
When should you recommend a imaging for a pt.?
hx and exam
88
With imaging, CPR are _______ based with research
evidence
89
With imaging, CPR are based on ________ and _______ decisions
diagnostic and prognostic
90
The ___________ criteria is... Foremost decision-making guideline Guides choice of best imaging tool Developed by expert radiologists May use with or without trauma
Appropriateness
91
What are some factors for decision making for MSK conditions?
age trauma mechanism of injury prior sx clinical findings
92
Imaging (-) without clinical findings = ________
normal/asymptomatic
93
If a suspicious condition e.g., acts like a fracture but x-ray (-) you should consider a more advanced and specific image, like a ____
CT
94
Imaging is best at ruling in or out?
OUT!!!!!
95
Imaging (+) without matching clinical findings indicates what? negative effect on ________ status fear of _______ limit _______ potential
psychosocial activity rehab
96

Fall Semester DPT (11 decks)

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