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Assessment > Imaging of the nervous system > Flashcards

Imaging of the nervous system Flashcards

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1
Q

Feature that is better appreciated on CT than MRI

A

Calcification

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2
Q

Injected material used in contrast CTs

A

Iodine containing contrast agents

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3
Q

Brain area where lesions are poorly visualised on CT

A

Posterior fossa

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4
Q

Units used to measure the magnetic field strength of MRI magnets

A

Tesla

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5
Q

Type of nuclei used in MRI due to the way their axes lie

A

H1

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6
Q

Environmental aspect that determines the rate at which H1 nuclei realign

A

Degree of water content

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7
Q

Tissue type where H1 nuclei realign quickly in MRI

A

Fat

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8
Q

Tissue type where H1 nuclei realign slowly in MRI

A

Water

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9
Q

Two pulse sequences used in MRI

A

T1 and T2

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10
Q

Pulse type in MRI in which the pulses are brief

A

T1

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11
Q

Environments which are overemphasised on T1 MRI images

A

Hydrophobic environments e.g. fat is white

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12
Q

Use of T1 images on MRI

A

Normal brain structure

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13
Q

Contrast agent possible on T1 MRI images

A

Gadolinium-DTPA

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14
Q

Environments which are overemphasised on T2 MRI images

A

Hydrophilic areas e.g. CSF is white

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15
Q

Use of T2 images on MRI

A

Show brain pathology

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16
Q

Use for protein density sequences on MRI

A

Show periventricular structures

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17
Q

Images seen on FLAIR MRI results

A

T1 images are inverted and added to T2 images to double the contrast seen

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18
Q

Uses for FLAIR images on MRI

A

Sclerosis of the hippocampus caused by temporal lobe epilepsy
Areas of abnormal metabolism in neurodegenerative disorders

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19
Q

Absolute contraindications for MRI

A

Pacemakers

Implants of ferromagnetic materials

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20
Q

Colour of infarct on CT

A

Dark

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21
Q

Colour of infarct on T1 MRI

A

Dark

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22
Q

Colour of infarct on T2 MRI

A

Bright

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23
Q

Colour of bleed on CT

A

Bright

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24
Q

Colour of bleed on MRI (T1 and T2)

A

Bright unless too old or too new

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25
Colour of tumour on CT
Dark
26
Colour of tumour on T1 MRI
Dark
27
Colour of tumour on T2 MRI
Bright
28
Colour of MS plaque on CT
Dark
29
Colour of MS plaque on T1 MRI
Dark
30
Colour of MS plaque on T2 MRI
Bright
31
Colour of CSF on CT
Dark
32
Colour of CSF on T1 MRI
Dark
33
Colour of CSF on T2 MRI
Bright
34
Colour of bone on CT
Bright
35
Colour of bone on T1 MRI
Bright
36
Colour of bone on T2 MRI
Dark
37
Colour of air on CTD
Dark
38
Colour of air on T1 MRI
Dark
39
Colour of air on T2 MRI
Dark
40
Colour of fat on CT
Dark
41
Colour of fat on T1 MRI
Bright
42
Colour of fat on T2 MRI
Bright
43
Colour of white matter on T1 MRI
White
44
Colour of grey matter on T1 MRI
Grey
45
Colour of white matter on T2 MRI
Shades of grey
46
Colour of grey matter on T2 MRI
Shades of grey
47
Imaging technique which allows the presence of various metabolites to be seen
MR spectroscopy
48
Most common pattern seen in MR spectroscopy seen in brain tumours
Decrease in NAA | Increase in Choline
49
Molecule used in MR spectroscopy to quantify NAA and choline
H1
50
Clinical uses for F19 in MR Spectroscopy
Measurement of PO2 Analysis of glucose metabolism Measurement of pH Measurement of the concentration of psychotropic medications in the blood
51
Clinical uses for Li7 in MR Spectrosocpy
Measurement of the concentration of psychotropic medications in the blood
52
Clinical uses for P31 in MR Spectroscopy
pH of brain regions | Concentrations of phosphorus containing compounds that are important in the metabolic activiti of the brain
53
Clinical uses for N14 in MR Spectroscopy
Measurement of glutamate, urea and ammonia
54
Clinical uses for C13 in MR Spectroscopy
Measurement the concentrations of labelled drugs in the blood Analysis of the metabolic turnover rate
55
Clinical uses for O17 in MR Spectrosocpy
Measurement of metabolic rate
56
Technique used in functional MRI
Blood oxygen level dependent technique
57
Imaging technique that acts as a proxy measure of tissue activity
fMRI
58
Advantage of fMRI over SPECT and PET scans
No administration of radioactive isotopes
59
Network of regions which show higher baseline activity at rest on fMRI
Default mode network
60
Types of compounds used in SPECT scans
Photon-emitting isotopes
61
Type of SPECT scan available using Xenon-133
Regional cerebral blood flow technique
62
Area of the brain where xenon-133 SPECT scans are able to measure
Blood flow on the surface of the brain
63
Tracer used to measure blood flow to the whole of the brain in SPECT scans
Technitium-99m linked to HMPAO
64
Tracer used to measure blood flow to the surface of the brain in SPECT scans
Xenon-133
65
Tracer used most often to detect perfusion changes in dementia on SPECT scans
Technitium-99m HMPAO
66
Uses of Iodine-123 in SPECT scans
Measure perfusion | Measure the occupancy and distribution of muscarinic, dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors
67
Specific tracer used to measure D1/D2 receptors in SPECT scans
Iodobenzamide
68
Specific tracer used to measure GABA-A receptors in SPECT scans
Iomazenil
69
Specific tracer used to measure dopamine and serotonin transporters in SPECT scans
nor-β-CIT
70
Specific tracer used to measure D2/D3 receptors in SPECT scans
Epidepride
71
Reason why relatively few PET scanners are found
Require on-site cyclotron to make the isotopes
72
Most commonly used ligand in PET scans
Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)
73
Brain imaging that gives an index of the integrity of white matter and can be used to infer the white matter connectivity of the brain
Diffusion tensor imaging
74
Imaging technique that detects levels of oxygenated haemoglobin in the blood
fMRI
75
Imaging technique that detects odd numbered nuclei
MRS
76
Difference between PET and SPECT scans
In SPECT a single particle is emitted | In PET two particles are emitted
77
Imaging which uses BOLD technique to map cortical activation
fMRI

Assessment (22 decks)

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