Imaging Techniques I

Question 1

What does fMRI stand for?

Answer 1

functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Question 2

What does PET stand for?

Answer 2

Positron Emission Tomography

Question 3

What does MRT stand for?

Answer 3

Magnetic Resonance Tomography

Question 4

What does EEG stand for?

Answer 4

ElectroEncephaloGraphy

Question 5

What does MRI stand for?

Answer 5

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Question 6

What does NMRI stand for?

Answer 6

Nuclear Magentic Resonance Imaging

Question 7

Name two disadvantages of PET?

Answer 7

expensive

complex mathematics

Question 8

What does SPECT stand for?

Answer 8

Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Question 9

What does NMR stand for?

Answer 9

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

This is a physical phenomenon used in NMR-Imaging techniques.

Question 10

What does BOLD stand for?

Answer 10

blood-oxygen-level-dependent

Question 11

What does fMRI primarily measure?

Answer 11

the BOLD contrast

Question 12

What is the BOLD contrast based on?

Answer 12

the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood

Question 13

Can fMRI theoretically use other biomarkers than the BOLD signal?

Answer 13

Yes, and there is research going on in this field (aim: improve spatial and time resolution).

Question 14

Arterial blood is oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor?

Answer 14

Oxygen-rich

Question 15

Venous blood is oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor?

Answer 15

Oxygen-poor

Question 16

What is measured in EEG?

Answer 16

Voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current flows within the neurons of the brain.

Question 17

What does CT stand for?

Answer 17

Computed Tomography

Question 18

What does CAT stand for?

Answer 18

Computed Axial Tomography

Question 19

On what is CT and CAT based?

Answer 19

x-rays

Question 20

What does MRI use to take measures?

Answer 20

magnetic fields and radio waves

Question 21

What do MRI techniques not use (which is good!)?

Answer 21

X-rays and radioactive tracers

Question 22

What does MEG stand for?

Answer 22

Magnetoencephalography

Question 23

How does MEG work?

Answer 23

it measures the magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in the brain via extremely sensitive devices

Question 24

MEG: what about spatial and temporal resolution?

Answer 24

High temporal resoltution

Low spatial resolution

Question 25

How does PET work?

Answer 25

PET measures emissions from radioactively labeled metabolically active chemicals that have been injected into the bloodstream.

Question 26

What has to be done prior to a PET session?

Answer 26

The positron emitting radioisotopes used are produced by a cyclotron, and chemicals are labeld with these radioactive atoms. This labeled compound, called a radiotracer, is injected into the bloodstream and eventually reaches the brain.

Question 27

Advantages of PET?

Answer 27

- High resolution | - Speed of Completion

Question 28

Biggest drawback of PET?

Answer 28

It is limited to monitoring short tasks.

Question 29

How does SPECT work?

Answer 29

Like PET, but using gamma ray emitting radioisotopes and a gamma camera.

Question 30

Why is it cool that PET works with different compounds as a radiotracer?

Answer 30

Because of that PET has the advantage of being able to identify specific brain receptors associated with particular neurotransmitters.