IMM

Question 1

Macrophages secrete:

Answer 1

IL1: osteoclast activatingfactor, fever, acute inflammation, activates ET cells to express adhesion molecules, induce chemokine secretion to recruit WBCs

IL6: fever, acute phase proteins

IL8: neutrophil chemotactic agent

IL12: Induce Th1 differentiaion, activate NK

TNFalpha: septic shock, activate ET, WBC recruitment, vascular leak, cachexia in chronic disease

Question 2

T cells (all) secrete:

Answer 2

IL2: stimulate Th, CD8+ and Treg cells and NK cells

IL3: support bone marrow cell growth and differentiation (similar to GMCSF)

Question 3

Th1 cells secrete:

Answer 3

IFN gamma: stimulate CD8 cytotoxic T cells, stimulate macrophages to kill engulfed pathogens, NK cells to kill infected cells, increase MHC expression and APC activity

IL2 & 3

• also secreted by NK cells in response to IL12 from macrophages

Question 4

Th2 cells secrete:

Answer 4

IL 2 & 3

IL4: induce Th2 differentiation, promote growth of B cells and enhance class switching (with help of IL13)

IL5: growth and differentiation of eosinophils, promotes differentiation of B cells, enhance class swiching to IgA

IL10: modulates inflammatory response (anti-inflammatory cytokine), decreases MHCII and Th1 cytokine expression, inhibits activated macrophages and dendritic cells,

IL13: help IL4 in B cell class switch

• IL10 is also secreted by Treg along with TGFbeta

Question 5

Induces differentiation of Th1 cells:

Blocks differentiation of Th1 cells:

Answer 5

• IL12 (from macrophages) and IFN gamma induces

- IL4 and IL10 from Th2 blocks

Question 6

Induces differentiation of Th2 cells:

Blocks differentiation of Th2 cells:

Answer 6

• IL4 induces

- IFN gamma from Th1 blocks

Question 7

Induces Treg:

Answer 7

• TGF beta and IL6

Question 8

CD40 is on __ cells and binds to___ on ___ cells during ___

Answer 8

CD40 is on B cells and macrophages and binds to CD40L on Th cells during Th-stimulated activation.

Question 9

CD28 is on ___ cells and binds to ___ on ___ cells during ___

Answer 9

CD28 is on T cells and binds to B7 on the antigen-presenting cell during activation of a naive T cell.

Question 10

MHCI is on ___ cells and is used for ___. It binds to ___.

Answer 10

MHC1 is on all nucleated cells and is for presentation of intracellular antigens. It binds to the TCR (signal 1) and activated T cells with the B7-CD28 interaction (signal 2)

Question 11

MHCII is on __ cells and is used for __. It binds to ___.

Answer 11

MHCII is on APCs, B cells and macrophages, and is used for presentation of extracellular antigens. It binds o the TCR (signal 1) and activates the presenting cell (most notable B cells) with the CD40L-CD40 interaction (signal 2)

Question 12

CD21 is the receptor for

Answer 12

EBV

Question 13

CD56 marks

Answer 13

NK cells

Question 14

Two cells express both CD40 and B7, they are

Answer 14

Macrophages and B cells

Question 15

CD16 is a

Answer 15

receptor for Fc of IgG on NKs

Question 16

Bugs that make superantigens

Answer 16

S. Pyo

S. Aureus

Question 17

Macrophages can be directly stimulated by:

via:

Answer 17

endotoxins and LPS

via TLR4 and CD14

Question 18

CD14 is a

Answer 18

receptor on macrophages that allows for direct stimulation by endotoxins and LPS
AKA TLR4

Question 19

Bugs that use antigenic variation to evade immune system

Answer 19

salmonella (flagella)
borrelia recurrentis 
n. gonorrhoeae (pilus protein)
HIV
HCV
Flu
Trypanosomes

Question 20

Live attenuated polio vaccine

Answer 20

Sabin

Question 21

Inactivated/killed polio vaccine

Answer 21

Salk

Question 22

Live vaccines

Answer 22

Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Sabin Polio
Influenza (intranasal)
Varicella
Yellow Fever

Question 23

Inactivated/Killed vaccines

Answer 23

Rabies
Influenza (injection)
Salk Polio
Hep A

Question 24

Aldesleukin

Answer 24

used in renal cell carinoma and metastatic melanoma

Question 25

epoetin alfa

Answer 25

aka epo, used for anemias esp in renal failure

Question 26

filgrastim

Answer 26

g-csf, usef for bone marrow recovery

Question 27

sargramostim

Answer 27

gm-csf, used for bone marrow recovery

Question 28

ifn alpha

Answer 28

chronic Hep B or C, Kaposi sarcoma, malignant melanoma

Question 29

Ifn Beta

Answer 29

MS

Question 30

IFN gamma

Answer 30

CGD

Question 31

Romiplostim and eltrombopag

Answer 31

tcp

Question 32

oprelvekin

Answer 32

tcp

Question 33

Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus

Answer 33

Calcineurin inhibitors that block IL2 transcription - Cyclosporine binds cyclophilin - Tacrolimus binds FKBP - Both are nephrotoxic, neurotoxic - Cyclosporine induces hyperlipidemia and gingival hyperplasia/hirsutism - Tacrolimus induces DM risk

Question 34

Sirolimus

Answer 34

MTOR inhibitor that blocks IL2 Response - Insulin resistance - hyperlipidemia - NOT nephrotoxic - synergistic with cyclosporine