Phase 1 Med > IMMS - Histology > Flashcards

IMMS - Histology Flashcards

(38 cards)

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1
Q

Describe the location and function of simple squamous epithelia

A
  • Alveoli
  • Lining of heart
  • Blood and lymphatic vessels
  • Allow materials to pass through by diffusion/filtration
  • Secrete lubricating substances
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2
Q

Describe the location and function of simple cuboidal epithelia

A
  • Salivary glands
  • Duct of kidney
  • Secretion and absorption
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3
Q

Describe the location and function of simple columnar epithelia

A
  • Ciliated: bronchi, fallopian tubes, uterus
  • Non-ciliated: digestive tract and bladder
  • Absorption. Goblet cells also secrete mucus
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4
Q

Describe the location and function of pseudo-stratified columnar epithelia

A
  • Trachea

- Secrete mucus with ciliated tissue moving it

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5
Q

Describe the location and function of stratified squamous epithelia

A
  • Keratonising: skin
  • Non-kertanising: mouth, vagina
  • Protects against abrasion
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6
Q

What does alcian blue stain and what colour does it go?

A
  • Polysaccharides
  • GAGs
  • Cartilage
  • Stains blue/purple
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7
Q

What does eosin stain and what colour does it go?

A
  • RBC
  • Proteins in cytoplasm
  • Stains a purple
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8
Q

What does haematoxylin stain and what colour does it go?

A
  • Nuclei
  • RNA
  • Stains dark blue
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9
Q

What does PAS stain and what colour does it go?

A
  • Polysaccharides
  • Glycoproteins
  • Glycolipids
  • Stains beige/purple
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10
Q

What is the stain H&E made up of?

A
  • Heamatoxylin and eosin
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11
Q

How many types of collagen are there?

A

12

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12
Q

What do collagen 1 - 5 form?

A 
1 - Skin, bones, teeth
2 - Cartilage
3 - Liver, kidney, spleen
4 - Basement membranes
5 - Placenta
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13
Q

What is collagen secreted by?

A

Fibroblasts

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14
Q

What is unique about the collagen reticulin?

A

Can form branches

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15
Q

Name the 2 types of connective tissue

A

Loose and dense

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16
Q

What are elastic fibres made up of?

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A

Fibrilin in an elastin matrix

17
Q

What colour do elastic fibres stain with H&E and what enables them to be distinguished from collagen?

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A
  • Stain pink

- Elastin stains stronger and has a glassy appearance

18
Q

What is elastin produced by?

19
Q

Name the two types of adipose tissue and the differences

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A
  • White: Single fat droplet in large cell

- Brown: Multiple fat droplets

20
Q

Name the 3 types of muscle

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A
  • Smooth
  • Skeletal
  • Caridac
21
Q

Describe smooth muscle

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A

Discrete cells, functioning as a whole.
Contractile proteins anchored in clumps to inside of cell membrane
Secrete a reticulin rich lamina (basement membrane)
Joined by gap junctions

22
Q

What is the appearance of longitudinally cut and transversely cut smooth muscle?

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A
  • Longitudinal: Fusiform cells with central nuclei

- Transverse: Round cells with central round nuclei

23
Q

What is the structure of gap junctions?

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A

6 connexons proteins

24
Q

What does skeletal muscle look like cut longitudinally and transversely?

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A
  • Longitudinal: long, unbranched fibres with nuclei at edge of membrane
  • Transverse: Fasiculi with white spaces between each one. Again, nuclei at edge of membrane
25
What are fasiculi?
Groups of muscle fibres surrounded by conenctive tissue
26
What is the perimysium?
The connective tissue around fasiculi
27
What is the endomysium?
Connective tissue between muscle fibres
28
What is the epimysium?
Connective tissue around bundles of fasiculi which create muscle
29
Describe cardiac muscle
Branched, rectnagular cells with central nuclei. | Connected via intercalated discs
30
Which cells secrete cartilage?
Chondroblasts
31
What do chondroblasts become?
Chondrocytes trapped in the matrix
32
Describe the structure of cartilage
Cells embedded in GAG. Cartilage is surrounded by collagenous perichondrium
33
Describe hyaline cartilage
GAG with small chondrocytes
34
Describe elastic cartilage
GAG with small chondrocytes | More elastin, darker pink stained strands
35
Describe fibrocartilage
GAG with small chondrocytes | Lots of branched-looking collagen fibres
36
Describe the histological appearance of mineralised bone
Circular osteons with golden/brown Haversion canals at centre
37
Describe the histological appearance of decalcified bone
Stains pink with H&E, mainly just concentric circles of collagen remaining
38
Describe the location and histological appearance of membrane bone
In skull. Thin plates with large, purple-stained osteoblasts on either surface
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