Immune

Question 1

4 hypersensitivity responses

Answer 1

anaphylaxis
autoimmunity
antibody-antigen complexes
cell-mediated immunity

Question 2

what antibody anaphylaxis

Answer 2

IgE

Question 3

what antibody auntoimmunity

Answer 3

IgG & IgM

Question 4

what antibody antibody-antigen complexes

Answer 4

IgG, IgM, IgA

Question 5

which cells provide cell-mediated immunity

Answer 5

T Lymphocytes

Question 6

what is special about the microbes in vaccinations

Answer 6

they are weakened

immunogenic not pathogenic

Question 7

what is primary and subsequent response to a vaccination

Answer 7

primary - B & T cells activated - slow

subsequent quicker as 1000s memory cells present to proliferate/differentiate into active B & T cells

Question 8

what is naturally acquired active immunity

Answer 8

natural exposure to a disease

measles in classroom

Question 9

naturally acquired passive immunity

Answer 9

transfer of IgG antibodies across placenta

IgA via breast milk

Question 10

other pathologies in anaphylaxis group

Answer 10

food allergy, hay fever, eczema, irritant contact dermatitis

Question 11

food allergy, hay fever, eczema, irritant contact dermatitis

which hypersensitivity group

Answer 11

anaphylaxis IgE

Question 12

Expsore to allergen/antigen activates IgE, degranulation of mast cells, & basophils to release histamine, leukotrienes etc
Bronchoconstriction
vasodilation
BP drops
oedema of tissue immediately

Answer 12

anaphylaxis

Question 13

antibodies IgG & IgM produced by immune response bind to antigens on cell or tissue surface (attacks cells & tissues). activates complement system and lymphokines. Onset immediate

Answer 13

Autoimmunity
r. arthritis
haemolytic disease of newborn
blood transfusion reaction

Question 14

antibody-antigen complexes form aggregates which aren’t cleared and deposited in various tissues (esp skin, kidney, joints) triggering immune response - activate complement system
IgG, IgM, IgA mediated
onset 4-8 hrs

Answer 14

glomerulonephritis
penicillin allergy
systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 15

cell-mediated NOT antibody-mediated
over reaction of T lymphocytes to an antigen
massive clonal expansion creates loads cytotoxic T cells which damages normal tissues
delayed onset - 48-72 hrs

Answer 15

skin graft rejection

allergen contact dermatitis

Question 16

allergy - initial & subsequent exposure

Answer 16

initial causes sensitisation - -slow as not specificity (not activated)
second - exaggerated immune response as has been developed and antibodies are ready

Question 17

does a food intolerance have a defined immune response

Answer 17

no

Question 18

which antibody mediates the allergic response

Answer 18

IgE

Question 19

exposure to allergen causes IgE to activate mast cells and basophils - release of histamine.
causes bronchoconstriction
vasodilation
oedema of tissue

Answer 19

anaphylactic shock

Question 20

3 big symptoms anaphylactic shock

Answer 20

bronchoconstriction
vasodilation
oedema of tissue

Question 21

3 benefits to inflammation

Answer 21

toxin dilution
fibrin formation- walls off, assists wound repair
promotes phagocytocis

Question 22

3 harmful effects of inflammation

Answer 22

pain - compression of nerves
swelling - ICP
arteriosclerosis
fibrosis
pus

Question 23

4 functions of complement system

Answer 23

opsonization - tags
attracts macrophages
stims mast cells - release histamine - promotes inflammation
initiates cytolysis - MAC

Question 24

apoptosis

Answer 24

cell suicide

Question 25

what attracts phagocytic cells to inflammation

Answer 25

chemotoxis

Question 26

what present new antigens to T-Lymphocytes

Answer 26

macrophages

Question 27

macrophages in connective tissue

Answer 27

histiocytes

Question 28

macrophages on skin

Answer 28

langerhans cells

Question 29

how to NK cells operate (what do they contain)

Answer 29

perforin - inserts into plasma membrane

Question 30

what is are released by mast cells/basophils that attract phagocytes and aids their adherence to pathogens

Answer 30

leukotrienes

Question 31

what increases vasodilation, faso permeability and attracts phagocytes

Answer 31

kinins

Question 32

what increase the affect of histamine and kinins

Answer 32

prostaglandin

Question 33

walled off area of inflammation/abscesses

Answer 33

granuloma

Question 34

what makes interferons more effective inhibits growth some microbes speeds up reaction that aid repair

Answer 34

fever

Question 35

heparin is an

Answer 35

anticoagulant

Question 36

histamine primary action

Answer 36

vasodilation

Question 37

type of immunity using lymphocytes

Answer 37

adaptive/selective

Question 38

2 types B lymphocytes

Answer 38

plasma | memory

Question 39

4 types T lymphocytes

Answer 39

memory helper killer supressor

Question 40

which cells antibody-mediated immunity

Answer 40

B cells | & T

Question 41

which cells cell-mediated immunity

Answer 41

T cells

Question 42

primary role of b cels

Answer 42

produce antibodies

Question 43

primary role t cells

Answer 43

attack antigens

Question 44

what system to helper T cells contribute to

Answer 44

postitive feedback

Question 45

antibodies are

Answer 45

immunoglobullins

Question 46

intra-cellular pathogens sorted by

Answer 46

T-Lymphacytes

Question 47

extra-cellular pathogens sorted by

Answer 47

B cells

Question 48

antigen presentation cell-mediated immunity

Answer 48

yes

Question 49

antigen presentation antibody-mediated immunity

Answer 49

no

Question 50

which b cells secrete antibodues

Answer 50

b plasma

Question 51

job of memory b cell

Answer 51

reproduce | remember

Question 52

2 ways antigens destroyed in antibody-mediated immunity

Answer 52

- compliment system activates | atttract phagocytes

Question 53

protein that facilitates clonal selection of T cels

Answer 53

interleukin 2

Question 54

why are lymph nodes/tonsils swollen in illness

Answer 54

residing T cells are proliferating and differentiating

Question 55

most common antibody

Answer 55

IgG

Question 56

IgG found where

Answer 56

blood | intestines

Question 57

antibody decreases with stress

Answer 57

IgA

Question 58

IgA found where

Answer 58

secretory fluids

Question 59

antibody secreted by mast cells/basophils

Answer 59

IgE

Question 60

antibody raised in parasitic infection

Answer 60

IgE

Question 61

antibody responsible allergic reaction

Answer 61

IgE

Question 62

antibodies found on B cells

Answer 62

IgM, IgD