immune and lymphatic system

Question 1

name given when interstitial fluid enters lymphatic system

Answer 1

lymph
usually pale yellow contain any proteins which leave blood

Question 2

lymphatic organs
primary
secondary

Answer 2

primary:
red bone marrow
thymus

secondary:
lymph nodes
spleen
MALT tonsils adenoids conjunctiva

Question 3

where is thymus located

Answer 3

mediastinum, bi-lobed mass of tissue

Question 4

red bone marrow

Answer 4

connective tissue sound in spongy bone
produced all rbc + wbc

lymphoid stem cells- form lymphocytes
myeloid stem cells- form erythrocytes, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophills, basophils

Question 5

lymph node

Answer 5

filters lymph ti remove and destroy foreign substances

lymphocyte reservoir

flow through node is slow to allow filtration

Question 6

spleen

Answer 6

below diaphragm
largest mass of lymph tissue
white pulp and red pulp
white pulp:
b cell t fell immune fictions
macrophages destroys pathogens
red pulp:
removed old damaged blood cells
stores rbc

Question 7

MALT

Answer 7

Mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue
defend regions that have contact with external environment ( digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive tracts)

Question 8

functions of lymphatic system

Answer 8

• drains ISF from body’s tissues and return to bloodstream
• helps in absorption of fats, nutrients
• protection from foreign invaders

Question 9

lymphatic system

Answer 9

• Blood in capillaries
• plasma containing oxygen and nutrients forced out due to hydrostatic pressure
• forced out to surrounding tissue
• surrounding cells absorb oxygen and nutrients
• some blood pulled back due to osmotic pressure
• the fluid that doesn’t return enters lymphatic capillaries and is now LYMPH
• lymph flows through larger blood vessels
• then filtered through lymph nodes which destroy bacteria viruses and abnormal cells
• lymph keeps moving upwards towards chest with help of skeletal muscle movement when walking, breathing and valves to stop back flow
• lymph drains into ducts
  right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct
  right drains right side of head and chest and arms
  thoracic drains from left both legs and abdomen
• then empties lymph to subclavian veins
• now it is back in blood stream

Question 10

what is immune response

Answer 10

body’s defense mechanism to protect itself against infection harmful microbes and foreign substances and abnormal cells

Question 11

what is an allergy

Answer 11

inflammatory response against a specific allergen or antigen

can cause inflammation

Question 12

complement system

Answer 12

• -30 inactive proteins in body
• become active when detect something harmful
• activated by carbohydrates on microorganism
• activated by antibodies
  -activation triggers cascade
• marks pathogens or be destroyed( target cells), promotes vasodilation and permeability so more immune cells can arrive
  -acts only at sight of infection

Question 13

how are infections transmitted?

Answer 13

direct contact
droplet and aerosol transmission
vector borne
nosocomial infection- from hospitals and dentists