Immune Cells & Tissues: Part One

Question 1

hematopoiesis

Answer 1

the formation and development of the cellular components of blood

Question 2

which cell creates all blood cells

Answer 2

Hemopoietic Stem Cell (HSC)

Question 3

prenatal hemopoiesis locations

Answer 3

• yolk sac
• liver
• spleen
• bone marrow

Question 4

postnatal hemopoiesis locations

Answer 4

mostly bone marrow

Question 5

what controls hemopoiesis

Answer 5

cytokines and growth factors

Question 6

HSC divides into what

Answer 6

• HSC
• myeloid progenitor cell
• lymphoid progenitor cell

Question 7

myeloid progenitor cells makes mostly what

Answer 7

innate immune cells

Question 8

lymphoid progenitor cells make mostly what

Answer 8

adaptive immune cells

Question 9

myeloid progenitor cells make what types of cells

Answer 9

• dendritic
• macrophage
• neutrophil
• eosinophil
• basophil
• mast cell
• platelets
• RBCs

Question 10

lymphoid progenitor cells make what types of cells

Answer 10

• dendritic
• NK cells
• helper T
• cytotoxic T
• B cells

Question 11

surface proteins are often referred to as what

Answer 11

Cluster of Differentiation (CD)

Question 12

granulocytes

Answer 12

• neutrophils
• eosinophils
• basophils

Question 13

what’s the most abundant WBC

Answer 13

neutrophils

Question 14

neutrophil characteristics

Answer 14

• polymorphonuclear
• phagocytic (small stuff only)
• short lived
• first on scene of inflammation
• have primary and secondary granules
  
  • contain degradative enzymes and antimicrobial substances

Question 15

which WBC is first on scene to inflammation

Answer 15

neutrophil

Question 16

what do granules do

Answer 16

contain degradative enzymes and antimicrobial substances

Question 17

eosinophil characteristics

Answer 17

• defend against larger parasites
• release cytoplasmic granules when activated

Question 18

basophil characteristics

Answer 18

• least abundant WBC
• defend against parasites
• cytoplasmic granules
• responsible for allergies

Question 19

mast cell characteristics

Answer 19

• found in skin, connective tissue, mucosal epithelial tissue
• undifferentiated in the blood, differentiate in the tissue
• large amount of cytoplasmic granules containing histamines and proteases
• protect internal surfaces, especially against parasitic worms
• responsible for allergies

Question 20

which WBCs cause allergies

Answer 20

• basophils
• mast cells

Question 21

mononuclear cells

Answer 21

• monocyte
• macrophage

Question 22

monocyte

Answer 22

• found in blood but migrate into tissues
• differentiate in the tissue
• phagocytic

Question 23

which cells are phagocytic

Answer 23

• neutrophil
• monocyte
• macrophage

Question 24

macrophage

Answer 24

• in almost all tissues
• long lived
• subtypes on location
  
  • alveolar
  • Kupffer (liver)
  • osteoclasts
• phagocytic
• antigen processing and presentation to T cells
• clean up dead cells and debris
• orchestrate immune response
  
  • produce inflammatory mediators that activate and recruit other immune cells

Question 25

which cells do antigen processing and presentation

Answer 25

* macrophages * dendritic cells (most)

Question 26

dendritic cells

Answer 26

* found under skin and mucosa, also in tissues * named for long, membranous projections * phagocytosis and pinocytosis * surveillance * antigen processing and presentation * most potent antigen presenting cell * connects innate and adaptive immunity

Question 27

how do dendritic cells process and present an antigen

Answer 27

immature dendritic cells capture an antigen, migrate out of the tissue, then present it to a T cell

Question 28

why are macrophages and dendritic cells so important

Answer 28

they connect the innate and adaptive immune systems via antigen presentation

Question 29

B cells

Answer 29

* arise and mature in the bone marrow * found in blood, lymph, and secondary lymphoid tissue * upon antigen recognition, they differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies and memory cells

Question 30

T cells

Answer 30

* arise in bone marrow * mature in thymus gland * found in blood, lymph, and secondary lymphoid tissues * two types * helper T * cytotoxic T

Question 31

helper T cell

Answer 31

* express TCR and CD4 * upon antigen and MHCII recognition, helper T activates, proliferates, and secretes cytokines * two types based on what cytokine secreted * helper T 1 * helper T 2

Question 32

cytotoxic T cell

Answer 32

* express TCR and CD8 * upon antigen and MHCI recognition, cytotoxic T cells activate, proliferate, and directly lyse the target cell

Question 33

natural killer cells

Answer 33

* large, granular, not antigen specific * found in blood but do enter tissue * innate immunity * cytotoxic against tumor cells and virally infected cells even though they lack an antigen specific receptor