Innate Immunity: Early Induced Flashcards
1
Q
Which innate cells release cytokines?
A
- macrophages
- dendritic cells
2
Q
What are the cytokines produced by innate cells purpose?
A
- cause inflammation to bring WBCs and soluble factors to infection
3
Q
What recognizes PAMPs?
A
Pattern Recognition Receptors
4
Q
What are PAMPs?
A
- Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns
- molecules NOT found in humans but essential for pathogen
- PDG
- LPS
- porins
- flagellin
5
Q
DAMPs
A
- Damage Associated Molecular Patterns
- molecules ONLY displayed on stressed, damaged, or dead host cells
- phosphotidylserin
- heat shock protein
- enzymes normally found in endosomes and lysosomes that enter the cytosol
6
Q
Toll-Like Receptors are expressed by what cells?
A
- dendritic cells
- macrophages
- B cells
- some epithelia
7
Q
What are TLR?
A
- Toll-Like Receptors
- transmembrane receptors that detect extracellular pathogens
- (TLR in endosomes are still extracellular because the pathogen hasn’t actually infected the cell)
- Only recognize PAMPs AFTER the pathogen has been degraded
8
Q
When do endosome TLR recognize a PAMP?
A
only after it has been degraded
9
Q
TLR4
A
recognizes the LPS of Gram - bacteria
10
Q
TLR7
A
recognizes viral ssRNA
11
Q
TLR8
A
recognizes viral ssRNA
12
Q
TLR9
A
recognizes unmethylated CpG rich DNA (bacteria and DNA viruses)
13
Q
TLR3
A
recognizes viral dsRNA
14
Q
TLR5
A
recognizes flagellin
15
Q
TLR signalling steps
A
- TLR binds to PAMP
- TLR activates MyD88 adaptor protein
- MyD88 initiates protein-protein interactions
- transcription factor NF-KB activated
- NF-KB activates genes for antimicrobial proteins, chemokine, and pro inflammatory cytokines
